AlvarLes Alvars (ஆழ்வார்கள்), qui signifie: « ceux qui sont immergés en Dieu », étaient douze saints-poètes tamouls de l'Inde du Sud, qui vivaient entre les et s en adhérant à la « dévotion émotionnelle » ou bhakti envers Vishnu et ses avatars tels Krishna et Rāma, dans leurs chants extatiques. Il s'agit exclusivement de vishnouïtes, qui, durant les premiers temps médiévaux de l'histoire du Tamil Nadu, aidèrent à faire revivre la pratique de la dévotion hindouiste bhakti écrivant des hymnes suivant leurs pèlerinages et donc les visites des temples qui les accueillaient.
Divya DesamA Divya Desam (दिव्यदेशम्, திவ்ய தேசம்) or Vaishnava Divya Desam is one of the 108 Vishnu and Lakshmi temples that is mentioned in the works of the Alvars, the poet-saints of the Sri Vaishnava tradition. Of the 108 temples, 105 are in India, one is in Nepal, and the last two are believed to be outside the earth, in Tirupparkatal and Vaikuntham. In India, they are spread over the states of Tamil Nadu (84), Kerala (11), Andhra Pradesh (2), Gujarat (1), Uttar Pradesh (4), and Uttarakhand (3).
VishnouismeLe vishnouisme (vaishnavisme) est un courant de l'hindouisme basé sur le système philosophique et religieux du Védanta. Sa pratique est la dévotion (bhakti) envers Vishnou comme Dieu suprême en tant que tel ou à travers ses incarnations Krishna et Rāma. C'est l'une des plus importantes expressions spirituelles de l'hindouisme avec le shivaïsme. Le nom des dévots de la divinité, les vishnouites, est vaishnava (vaiṣṇava en sanskrit ; devanāgarī : वैष्णव), mais il désigne aussi toute chose en relation avec elle.
Thirumangai AlvarThirumangai Alvar (IAST: ), also referred to as Thirumangai Mannan is the last of the 12 Alvar saints of south India, who are known for their affiliation to the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. He is considered one of the most learned Alvars, and the most superior Alvar in the context of composition of verses. He holds the title Narkavi Perumal, the mark of an excellent poet, and Parakala (Beyond Time). Though he is respected as a Vaishnava saint-poet, he initially worked as a military commander, a chieftain, and then a robber.
PeriyalvarPeriyalvar (9th century), also known as Vishnuchittar, was one of the twelve Alvar saints of South India who are known for their affiliation to the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. He was the foster father of Andal. Andal, also called as Kodhai, is the only female Alvar, and is considered to be the incarnation of Bhudevi according to Sri Vaishnavism. The verses of Alvars are compiled as the Naalayira Divya Prabandham and the 108 temples revered are classified as Divya Desam.
Tiruppan AlvarTiruppan Alvar (திருப்பாணாழ்வார்) was one of the twelve Alvars of South India, who were poet-saints known for their affiliation to the Sri Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. The verses of the Alvars are compiled as the Naalayira Divya Prabandham and the 108 temples revered in the text are classified as Divya Desams. Tiruppan Alvar is considered the eleventh in the line of the twelve Alvars. As per local traditions, he was born to a couple from the Panar community.
AndalAndal (Tamil: ஆண்டாள்) (Antal) est une mystique hindoue. Elle a probablement vécu au , d'autres suggérant le , et est l'auteure de Stotra ou hymnes religieux en l'honneur de Vishnou et principalement à son avatar Kannan (Krishna). Elle est la deuxième en préséance des poètes Alvars, après Nammalvar et est la seule femme qui apparaisse comme autorité religieuse parmi les Gourous du Vishnouisme (Courant du Sri Vishnouisme principalement). L'histoire et la légende se mêlent dans les rares récits de sa vie.
VishvaksenaVishvaksena (विष्वक्सेन) or Vishwaksena, is the commander-in-chief of the army of the Hindu deity Vishnu, additionally serving as a gatekeeper and chamberlain of his celestial abode of Vaikuntha. As the embodiment of the tantras, Vishvaksena is worshipped before any ritual or function in the Vaikhanasas and Sri Vaishnavism sects. He occupies an important place in Vaikhanasa and Pancaratra temple traditions, where temple festivals often begin with his worship and procession.
YamunacharyaYamunacharya, IAST: Yāmunācārya () surnommé Ālavandār (« conquérant ») est un philosophe hindou de l'école viśiṣṭādvaita. Chef religieux du temple vishnouite de Srirangam (Tamil Nadu, Inde du Sud), il fut un des maîtres spirituels de Rāmānuja, bien que probablement il ne l'ait pas connu, et auteur des ouvrages Siddhitraya, Āgamaprāmāṇya, Gītārthasaṃgraha, Stotraratna et Mahāpuruṣanirṇaya''. Petit-fils du théologien vishnouite , on raconte qu'il devint roi de la moitié d'un royaume à l'âge de douze ans, ayant vaincu un pandit au cours d'un débat philosophique.
VaikunthaVaikuntha (वैकुण्ठ), also called Vishnuloka (), and Tirunatu (Tirunāṭu) in Tamil, is the abode of Vishnu, the supreme deity in the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism, and his consort, Lakshmi, the supreme goddess. According to Ramanuja, Vaikuntha is the Parama Padam or Nitya Vibhuti, an "eternal heavenly realm", and is the "divine imperishable world that is God's abode". In Vaishnava literature, Vaikuntha is described as the highest realm above the fourteen lokas (worlds), where the devotees of Vishnu go upon achieving liberation.
