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Tabun or GA is an extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound. It is a clear, colorless, and tasteless liquid with a faint fruity odor. It is classified as a nerve agent because it fatally interferes with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system. Its production is strictly controlled and stockpiling outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. Tabun is the first of the G-series nerve agents along with GB (sarin), GD (soman) and GF (cyclosarin). Although pure tabun is clear, less-pure tabun may be brown. It is a volatile chemical, although less so than either sarin or soman. Tabun can be destroyed with bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite), though the reaction will produce the poisonous gas cyanogen chloride. EA-4352 is an isopropyl analog to tabun. Tabun was made on an industrial scale by Germany during World War II, based on a process developed by Gerhard Schrader. In the chemical agent factory in Dyhernfurth an der Oder, codenamed "Hochwerk", at least 12,000 metric tons of this agent were manufactured between 1942 and 1945. The manufacturing process consisted of two steps, the first being reaction of gaseous dimethylamine (1) with an excess of phosphoryl chloride (2), yielding dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride (3, codenamed "Produkt 39" or "D 4") and dimethylammonium chloride (4). The dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride thus obtained was purified by vacuum distillation and thereafter transferred to the main tabun production line. Here it was reacted with an excess of sodium cyanide (5), dispersed in dry chlorobenzene, yielding the intermediate dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide (not depicted in the scheme) and sodium chloride (8); then, absolute ethanol (6) was added, reacting with the dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide to yield tabun (7) and hydrogen cyanide (9). After the reaction, the mixture (consisting of about 75% chlorobenzene and 25% tabun, along with insoluble salts and the rest of the hydrogen cyanide) was filtered to remove the insoluble salts and vacuum-distilled to remove hydrogen cyanide and excess chlorobenzene, so yielding the technical product, consisting either of 95% tabun with 5% chlorobenzene (Tabun A) or (later in the war) of 80% tabun with 20% chlorobenzene (Tabun B).

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Concepts associés (15)

Tabun

Le tabun est un gaz neurotoxique dangereux par inhalation ou contact épidermique, comme le soman et le sarin. Cependant, sa nocivité est moins importante que celle du soman. Il se présente sous la forme d'un liquide incolore ou brun selon son degré de pureté. Son nom IUPAC est le N-diméthylaminocyanophosphite d'éthyle. Les symptômes peuvent varier d’un individu à l’autre, mais les plus observés sont : vomissements salivations diarrhées vertiges coma Le tabun s’attaque au système nerveux et à l’appareil respiratoire.

Organophosphate

In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure , a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents. They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Like most functional groups, organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, with important examples including key biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP, as well as many insecticides, herbicides, nerve agents and flame retardants.

Arme chimique

redresse=0.8|vignette|Symbole actuel des armes chimiques dans les forces armées des États-Unis. redresse=0.8|vignette|Attaque au gaz durant la Première Guerre mondiale. redresse=0.8|vignette|Affiche de la Première Guerre mondiale alertant sur les risques de gaz de combat : le phosgène, à l'odeur de foin fraîchement coupé ou de maïs frais ; la chloropicrine, à l'odeur de papier tue-mouches ; le diphosgène, à l'odeur de foin moisi. redresse=0.8|vignette|Ogive de missile sol-sol Honest John ouverte pour montrer les sous-munitions M139 devant contenir du sarin.