Cellule souche pluripotente induiteLes cellules souches pluripotentes induites (CSPi) (en anglais Induced pluripotent stem cells soit iPS ou iPSCs) sont des cellules souches pluripotentes générées en laboratoire à partir de cellules somatiques. Ces cellules souches induites ont le potentiel de se différencier en n'importe quelle cellule du corps humain et ont donc des applications très variées en thérapie et en recherche biomédicale.
Induced stem cellsInduced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming. They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent – iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell – iMPC) or unipotent – (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells.
Cell potencyCell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency. Totipotency (Lat. totipotentia, "ability for all [things]") is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism.
Cellule souche embryonnaireUne cellule souche embryonnaire (CSE) est une cellule souche pluripotente issue de la masse cellulaire interne ou de l'épiblaste d’un embryon préimplantatoire au stade de blastocyste. Un embryon humain atteint le stade de blastocyste 4 à 5 jours après la fécondation et consiste en un amas de 50 à 150 cellules (masse cellulaire interne et trophectoderme). L'isolation de la masse cellulaire interne requiert de détruire le blastocyste. Les cellules souches embryonnaires sont une source quasi parfaite pour les greffes et l'ingénierie tissulaire.
