Concept
Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling
Concepts associés (21)
Molecule editor
A molecule editor is a computer program for creating and modifying representations of chemical structures. Molecule editors can manipulate chemical structure representations in either a simulated two-dimensional space or three-dimensional space, via 2D computer graphics or 3D computer graphics, respectively. Two-dimensional output is used as illustrations or to query chemical databases. Three-dimensional output is used to build molecular models, usually as part of molecular modelling software packages.
Parallel tempering
Parallel tempering, in physics and statistics, is a computer simulation method typically used to find the lowest energy state of a system of many interacting particles. It addresses the problem that at high temperatures, one may have a stable state different from low temperature, whereas simulations at low temperatures may become "stuck" in a metastable state. It does this by using the fact that the high temperature simulation may visit states typical of both stable and metastable low temperature states.
Molecular design software
Molecular design software is notable software for molecular modeling, that provides special support for developing molecular models de novo. In contrast to the usual molecular modeling programs, such as for molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry, such software directly supports the aspects related to constructing molecular models, including: Molecular graphics interactive molecular drawing and conformational editing building polymeric molecules, crystals, and solvated systems partial charges development g
GROMACS
GROMACS is a molecular dynamics package mainly designed for simulations of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It was originally developed in the Biophysical Chemistry department of University of Groningen, and is now maintained by contributors in universities and research centers worldwide. GROMACS is one of the fastest and most popular software packages available, and can run on central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). It is free, open-source software released under the GNU General Public License (GPL), and starting with version 4.
Spartan (chemistry software)
Spartan is a molecular modelling and computational chemistry application from Wavefunction. It contains code for molecular mechanics, semi-empirical methods, ab initio models, density functional models, post-Hartree–Fock models, and thermochemical recipes including G3(MP2) and T1. Quantum chemistry calculations in Spartan are powered by Q-Chem. Primary functions are to supply information about structures, relative stabilities and other properties of isolated molecules.
Méthode ab initio de chimie quantique
Les méthodes ab initio de chimie quantique sont des méthodes de chimie numérique basées sur la chimie quantique. La méthode ab initio la plus simple de calcul de structure électronique est le schéma Hartree-Fock (HF), dans laquelle la répulsion coulombienne électron-électron n'est pas spécifiquement prise en compte. Seul son effet moyen est inclus dans le calcul. Lorsque la taille de la base est augmentée, l'énergie et la fonction d'onde tendent vers une limite appelée limite Hartree-Fock.
Molecular graphics
Molecular graphics is the discipline and philosophy of studying molecules and their properties through graphical representation. IUPAC limits the definition to representations on a "graphical display device". Ever since Dalton's atoms and Kekulé's benzene, there has been a rich history of hand-drawn atoms and molecules, and these representations have had an important influence on modern molecular graphics. Colour molecular graphics are often used on chemistry journal covers artistically.
Implicit solvation
Implicit solvation (sometimes termed continuum solvation) is a method to represent solvent as a continuous medium instead of individual “explicit” solvent molecules, most often used in molecular dynamics simulations and in other applications of molecular mechanics. The method is often applied to estimate free energy of solute-solvent interactions in structural and chemical processes, such as folding or conformational transitions of proteins, DNA, RNA, and polysaccharides, association of biological macromolecules with ligands, or transport of drugs across biological membranes.
Champ de force (chimie)
vignette|Un champ de force peut par exemple être utilisé afin de minimiser l'énergie d'étirement de cette molécule d'éthane. Dans le cadre de la mécanique moléculaire, un champ de force est un ensemble de potentiels et de paramètres permettant de décrire la structure de l'énergie potentielle d'un système de particules (typiquement, des atomes, mais non exclusivement). L'usage de l'expression champ de force en chimie et biologie numériques diffère ainsi de celui de la physique, où il indique en général un gradient négatif d'un potentiel scalaire.
Dynamique moléculaire
La dynamique moléculaire est une technique de simulation numérique permettant de modéliser l'évolution d'un système de particules au cours du temps. Elle est particulièrement utilisée en sciences des matériaux et pour l'étude des molécules organiques, des protéines, de la matière molle et des macromolécules. En pratique, la dynamique moléculaire consiste à simuler le mouvement d'un ensemble de quelques dizaines à quelques milliers de particules dans un certain environnement (température, pression, champ électromagnétique, conditions aux limites.