Polarisabilité

Résumé

La polarisabilité (notée \alpha) est la facilité d’un édifice à se déformer sous l’action d’un champ électrique. Elle a les dimensions d'un volume. Définition de la polarisabilité Un édifice atomique, moléculaire ou ionique qui ne possède pas un moment dipolaire permanent peut en acquérir sous l’action d’un champ électrique. Notons que la réponse d’un édifice à un champ électrique \vec{E} s’exprime par le vecteur polarisation \vec{P}, défini comme le moment dipolaire volumique. Si le champ électrique \vec{E} appliqué est suffisamment faible, le lien entre \vec{p} et \vec{E} est linéaire: \vec{p}=\alpha \vec{E} \alpha étant la polarisabilité d’un édifice. Dans le cas le plus général, il s’agit d’un tenseur du second ordre ; sauf exception nous nous limitons ici aux milieux isotropes, auquel cas nous pouvons traiter la polarisabilité comme scalaire.

La polarisabilité

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarisabilit%C3%A9

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Introduction to the different contrast enhancing methods in optical microscopy. Basic hands-on experience with optical microscopes at EPFL's BioImaging and Optics Facility. How to investigate biological samples? How to obtain high quality images?

Repetition of the basic concepts of quantum mechanics and main numerical algorithms used for practical implementions. Basic principles of electronic structure methods:Hartree-Fock, many body perturbation theory, configuration interaction, coupled-cluster theory, density functional theory.

Le cours comporte deux parties. Les bases de la thermodynamique des équilibres et de la cinétique des réactions sont introduites dans l'une d'elles. Les premières notions de chimie quantique sur les électrons et les liaisons chimiques, exemplifiées en chimie organique, sont présentées dans l'autre.

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Séances de cours associées (28)

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Asymmetric Metal-Dielectric Metacylinders and Their Potential Applications From Engineering Scattering Patterns to Spatial Optical Signal Processing

Romain Christophe Rémy Fleury, Ali Momeni, Mahdi Safari

We propose a bianisotropic hybrid metal-dielectric structure comprising dielectric and metallic cylindrical wedges wherein the composite metacylinder enables advanced control of electric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric resonances. We establish a theoretical framework in which the electromagnetic response of this meta-atom is described through the electric and magnetic multipole moments. The complete dynamic polarizability tensor, expressed in a compact form, is derived as a function of the Mie-scattering coefficients. Further, the constitutive parameters—determined analytically—illustrate the tunability of the structure’s frequency and strength of resonances in light of its high degree of geometric freedom. Flexibility in the design makes the proposed metacylinder a viable candidate for various applications in the microscopic (single meta-atom) and macroscopic (metasurface) levels. We show that the highly versatile bianisotropic meta-atom is amenable to being designed for the desired electromagnetic response, such as electric dipole-free and zero or near-zero (backward and forward) scattering at the microscopic level. In addition, we show that the azimuthal asymmetry gives rise to normal polarizability components, which are vital elements in synthesizing asymmetric optical transfer function at the macroscopic level. We conduct a precise inspection, from the microscopic to the macroscopic level, of the metasurface synthesis for emphasizing on the role of normal polarizability components for spatial optical signal processing. It is shown that this simple two-dimensional asymmetric meta-atom can perform first-order differentiation and edge detection at normal illumination. The results reported herein contribute toward improving the physical understanding of wave interaction with artificial materials composed of asymmetric elongated metal-dielectric inclusions and open the potential of its application in spatial signal and image processing.

2021

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In this talk, we describe excitation of time-varying dipolar particles (time-modulated meta-atoms) by external time-varying fields from a nonstationary and causal perspective. For a time-harmonic excitation, we introduce a complex-valued function, called temporal complex polarizability, and use this function to study a classical electron through the equation of motion whose damping coefficient and natural frequency are changing in time. We theoretically derive the temporal complex permittivity corresponding to time-varying media formed by timemodulated meta-atoms and explicitly show the differences with the conventional macroscopic Drude-Lorentz model.

IEEE2020

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Long-Range Exciton Diffusion in Two-Dimensional Assemblies of Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Raffaella Buonsanti, Yi Liu, Anna Loiudice

Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET)-mediated exciton diffusion through artificial nanoscale building block assemblies could be used as an optoelectronic design element to transport energy. However, so far, nanocrystal (NC) systems supported only diffusion lengths of 30 nm, which are too small to be useful in devices. Here, we demonstrate a FRET-mediated exciton diffusion length of 200 nm with 0.5 cm(2)/s diffusivity through an ordered, two-dimensional assembly of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 PNCs). Exciton diffusion was directly measured via steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy, with physical modeling providing deeper insight into the transport process. This exceptionally efficient exciton transport is facilitated by PNCs' high PL quantum yield, large absorption cross section, and high polarizability, together with minimal energetic and geometric disorder of the assembly. This FRET-mediated exciton diffusion length matches perovskites' optical absorption depth, thus enabling the design of device architectures with improved performances and providing insight into the high conversion efficiencies of PNC-based optoelectronic devices.

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2020

Chargement

Asymmetric Metal-Dielectric Metacylinders and Their Potential Applications From Engineering Scattering Patterns to Spatial Optical Signal Processing

Romain Christophe Rémy Fleury, Ali Momeni, Mahdi Safari

2021