Valence (linguistique)La valence est un trait syntaxique concernant principalement les verbes mais aussi quelques noms et adjectifs. On nomme valence d'un tel terme le nombre d'actants qu'il peut recevoir ou qu'il doit recevoir pour être saturé, c'est-à-dire fournir un syntagme grammaticalement correct. La théorie de la valence a surtout été développée par le linguiste français Lucien Tesnière qui a popularisé la métaphore de la valence chimique, empruntée à Charles Peirce. Lucien Tesnière compare le verbe à .
Null-subject languageIn linguistic typology, a null-subject language is a language whose grammar permits an independent clause to lack an explicit subject; such a clause is then said to have a null subject. In the principles and parameters framework, the null subject is controlled by the pro-drop parameter, which is either on or off for a particular language. Typically, null-subject languages express person, number, and/or gender agreement with the referent on the verb, rendering a subject noun phrase redundant.
Intransitive verbIn grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb whose context does not entail a direct object. That lack of transitivity distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are typically considered within a class apart from modal verbs and defective verbs. In the following sentences, verbs are used without a direct object: "Rivers flow." "I sneezed." "My dog ran." "Water evaporates when it's hot." "You've grown since I last saw you!" "I wonder how old I will be when I die.
VerbeLe verbe (du latin verbum : mot, verbe) constitue avec le nom la catégorie de mots ou partie du discours principale de toute langue. La tradition grammaticale présente le verbe en opposition au nom à cause de sa capacité d'exprimer un procès, en traduisant une action accomplie ( Il regarde un film) ou subie par le sujet ( Il a été déçu par ce film), ou un état ( Il est satisfait) ou des modifications du sujet ( Il a changé d'avis).
Transitive verbA transitive verb is a verb that accepts one or more objects, for example, 'to enjoy' in Donald enjoys music. This contrasts with intransitive verbs, which do not have objects, for example, 'to arise' in Donald arose. Transitivity is traditionally thought of as a global property of a clause, by which activity is transferred from an agent to a patient. Transitive verbs can be classified by the number of objects they require. Verbs that accept only two arguments, a subject and a single direct object, are monotransitive.
