Aspect inchoatifL’aspect inchoatif (parfois: voix inchoative, aussi appelé aspect ingressif, ou inceptif, ou initif) s'est dit initialement de l’aspect d’un verbe propre à indiquer soit le commencement d'une action ou d'une activité, soit l'entrée dans un état. Ce terme est également appliqué à diverses constructions verbales et éléments non verbaux susceptibles de conférer à l'énoncé cette même valeur (adverbes, particules etc.) Le terme d’aspect ayant des acceptions différentes selon les linguistes, son utilisation pour l'inchoatif est contestée de longue date.
Conjugaison latineLa conjugaison du verbe latin repose tout entière sur l'opposition de deux thèmes, celui du présent (infectum) et celui du parfait (perfectum). Le système verbal latin s'organise donc sur trois radicaux : Infectum Radical du présent Perfectum Radical du parfait (qui ne concerne pas les verbes déponents) Radical du supin Dans un dictionnaire, un verbe est toujours décrit par cinq formes qui permettent de déduire toutes ses autres formes conjuguées, à partir des trois radicaux sus-mentionnés : la première personne du singulier du présent de l'indicatif la deuxième personne du singulier du présent de l'indicatif l'infinitif présent la première personne du singulier du parfait de l'indicatif le supin Les verbes ont, comme en français, une voix active et une voix passive.
Phrase conditionnelleEn syntaxe, on appelle phrase conditionnelle une phrase complexe contenant au moins une proposition subordonnée conditionnelle et sa proposition principale. La proposition conditionnelle est directement subordonnée au verbe de la principale. Cette subordonnée est en général définie comme exprimant la condition du remplissement ou du non-remplissement de laquelle dépend la réalisation ou non du procès du verbe principal. Certains auteurs ajoutent à cela que la proposition conditionnelle remplit la fonction d'un complément circonstanciel conditionnel.
Mediopassive voiceThe mediopassive voice is a grammatical voice that subsumes the meanings of both the middle voice and the passive voice. Languages of the Indo-European family (and many others) typically have two or three of the following voices: active, middle, and passive. "Mediopassive" may be used to describe a category that covers both the middle (or "medium") and the passive voice. In synchronic grammars, the mediopassive voice is often simply termed either "middle" (typical for grammars of e.g.
Latin grammarLatin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood. The inflections are often changes in the ending of a word, but can be more complicated, especially with verbs. Thus verbs can take any of over 100 different endings to express different meanings, for example regō "I rule", regor "I am ruled", regere "to rule", regī "to be ruled".
Arabic verbsArabic verbs (فِعْل ALA; () أَفْعَال ALA), like the verbs in other Semitic languages, and the entire vocabulary in those languages, are based on a set of two to five (but usually three) consonants called a root (triliteral or quadriliteral according to the number of consonants). The root communicates the basic meaning of the verb, e.g. ك-ت-ب ALA 'write', ق-ر-ء ALA 'read', ء-ك-ل ALA 'eat'. Changes to the vowels in between the consonants, along with prefixes or suffixes, specify grammatical functions such as person, gender, number, tense, mood, and voice.
Compound verbIn linguistics, a compound verb or complex predicate is a multi-word compound that functions as a single verb. One component of the compound is a light verb or vector, which carries any inflections, indicating tense, mood, or aspect, but provides only fine shades of meaning. The other, "primary", component is a verb or noun which carries most of the semantics of the compound, and determines its arguments. It is usually in either base or [in Verb + Verb compounds] conjunctive participial form.
Prospective aspectIn linguistics, the prospective aspect (abbreviated or ) is a grammatical aspect describing an event that occurs subsequent to a given reference time. One way to view tenses in English and many other languages is as a combination of a reference time (past, present, or future) in which a situation takes place, and the time of a particular event relative to the reference time (before, at, or after). As an example, consider the following sentence: When I got home yesterday, John called and said he would arrive soon.
Realis moodA realis mood (abbreviated ) is a grammatical mood which is used principally to indicate that something is a statement of fact; in other words, to express what the speaker considers to be a known state of affairs, as in declarative sentences. Most languages have a single realis mood called the indicative mood, although some languages have additional realis moods, for example to express different levels of certainty. By contrast, an irrealis mood is used to express something that is not known to be the case in reality.
