Recombinaison homologuethumb | 275px | alt=Schéma du chromosome 1 après recombinaison homologue | Figure 1. La recombinaison homologue peut produire de nouvelles combinaisons d'allèles entre les chromosomes parentaux, notamment lors de la méiose.La recombinaison homologue est un type de recombinaison génétique où les séquences de nucléotides sont échangées entre des molécules d'ADN identiques (homologues) ou similaires (Figure 1). Au sens large, la recombinaison homologue est un mécanisme ubiquitaire de réparation des cassures double-brins de l'ADN.
S phaseS phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. G1/S transition Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling.
G1 phaseDISPLAYTITLE:G1 phase The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. In this part of interphase, the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis. G1 phase ends when the cell moves into the S phase of interphase. Around 30 to 40 percent of cell cycle time is spent in the G1 phase.
G2 phaseDISPLAYTITLE:G2 phase G2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G2 phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes. G2 phase is a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.
Kinase dépendante des cyclinesvignette|350px|Schéma du cycle cellulaire. Cercle extérieur: I=Interphase, M=Mitose; cercle intérieur: M=Mitose et cytocinèse; G1=Phase G1; S=Phase S; G2=Phase G2. La durée de la mitose par rapport aux autres phases du cycle cellulaire est exagérée dans ce diagramme Les kinases dépendantes des cyclines (en anglais, cyclin-dependent kinase ou CDK) sont une famille de protéines kinases qui jouent un rôle majeur dans la régulation du cycle cellulaire.
