In economics, a price system is a system through which the valuations of any forms of property (tangible or intangible) are determined. All societies use price systems in the allocation and exchange of resources as a consequence of scarcity. Even in a barter system with no money, price systems are still utilized in the determination of exchange ratios (relative valuations) between the properties being exchanged.
A price system may be either a regulated price system (such as a fixed price system) where prices are administered by an authority, or it may be a free price system (such as a market system) where prices are left to float "freely" as determined by supply and demand without the intervention of an authority. A mixed price system involves a combination of both regulated and free price systems.
Price systems have been around as long as there has been economic exchanges.
The price system has transformed into the system of global capitalism that is present in the early 21st century. The Soviet Union and other Communist states with a centralized planned economy maintained controlled price systems. Whether the ruble or the dollar is used in the economic system, the criterion of a price system is the use of money as an arbiter and usual final arbiter of whether a thing is done or not. In other words, few things are done without consideration for the monetary costs and the potential making of a profit in a price system.
Socialist calculation debate
The American economist Thorstein Veblen wrote a seminal tract on the development of the term as discussed in this article: The Engineers and the Price System. Its chapter VI, A Memorandum on a Practicable Soviet of Technicians discusses the possibility of socialist revolution in the United States comparable to that then occurring in Russia (the Soviets had not yet at that time become a state (USSR formed in 1922)).
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Ce cours basé sur un MOOC prépare à l'analyse du contexte économique du projet de construction: acquisition du terrain, prix fonciers, prix immobiliers, prix du logement (locatif et en propriété), dan
The socialist calculation debate, sometimes known as the economic calculation debate, was a discourse on the subject of how a socialist economy would perform economic calculation given the absence of the law of value, money, financial prices for capital goods and private ownership of the means of production. More specifically, the debate was centered on the application of economic planning for the allocation of the means of production as a substitute for capital markets and whether or not such an arrangement would be superior to capitalism in terms of efficiency and productivity.
vignette|La monnaie, commune mesure des échanges commerciaux : illustration de la théorie d'Aristote, édition de 1454-1455 d'après la traduction de Nicole Oresme. La monnaie est définie par Aristote par trois fonctions : unité de compte, réserve de valeur et intermédiaire des échanges. À la période contemporaine, cette définition ancienne persiste mais doit être amendée, entre autres par la suppression de toute référence à des matières précieuses (à partir du en Chine) avec la dématérialisation progressive des supports monétaires, et les aspects légaux de l'usage de la monnaie — et notamment les droits juridiques qui sont attachés au cours légal et au pouvoir libératoire —, qui sont plus apparents.
A free price system or free price mechanism (informally called the price system or the price mechanism) is a mechanism of resource allocation that relies upon prices set by the interchange of supply and demand. The resulting price signals communicated between producers and consumers determine the production and distribution of resources. Therefore the free price system rations supplies, distributes income, and allocates resources. A free price system contrasts with an administered price system, where prices are administered by government in a controlled market.
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