Latino

Résumé

« Latino », ou « latino-américain », est un terme qui désigne les habitants, les descendants ou les personnes originaires d'un des pays de l'Amérique latine. Le gouvernement des États-Unis, à travers les données du Bureau du recensement américain, définit un hispanique ou un latino comme « une personne d'origine cubaine, mexicaine, porto-ricaine, sud ou latino-américaine, ou d'une autre culture ou origine espagnole, sans considération raciale ». Le Bureau du recensement indique que « l'origine [latino-américaine] peut être vue comme l'héritage, le groupe de nationalité, l'ascendance, le patrimoine, ou le pays de naissance de la personne ou des ancêtres de la personne avant leur arrivée aux États-Unis ». Étymologie Hispaniques et Latino-Américains (États-Unis) Démographie et groupe ethnique Les dix États ayant la plus grande proportion de Latinos sont (dans l'ordre) : Nouveau-Mexique, Californie, Texas, Arizona, Nevada, Floride, Colorado, New Jersey, et l'Il

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino

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Le cours vise à familiariser les étudiants avec l'histoire de l'environnement et des paysages, et avec la façon dont les différentes préoccupations environnementales, qui vont affecter de plus en plus fortement la conception des villes et de l'architecture.

Le cours vise a familiariser les etudiants avec l'histoire de l'environnement et des paysages, et avec la maniere dont les preoccupations environnementales amenent a repenser aujourd'hui le sens et les principes de l'architecture et des disciplines de projet.

Technologie du Bâti V aborde le bâtiment comme un système d'opérations techniques et culturelles invoquant des choix liés à l'environnement, au matériau, à la structure, et au montage. L'objectif du cours est d'amener les étudiants à acquérir des compétences sur la conception critique du bâtiment.

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Dominicans in Switzerland : patterns, practices and impacts of transnational migration and remittances linking the Dominican Republic and Switzerland = Dominicanos en Suiza : pautas, practicas e impactos de la migracion transnacional y el envio de remesas que vinculan Republica Dominicana y Suiza

This paper presents the results of a one-year empirical study documenting the patterns, practices and impacts of transnational migration by people from the Dominican Republic (DR) to Switzerland during the years 1980 to 2005. Additionally, discussion of the transfer of remittances sent by Dominicans in Switzerland and their use and impacts on one migrant-sending community in the DR is given a special focus. This case study is an original contribution to the small but growing literature documenting contemporary migration of Latin Americans to Europe, and in particular, to Switzerland.

2005

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The intense urbanization of cities has left few options when it comes to insert large mobility infrastructure they need to move their inhabitants. A surface rail network, a dedicated roadway bus line or any other mobility infrastructure such as a tramway at the urban surface represent challenging interfaces to set up, particularly because of level crossings and physical barriers that they induce in the urban space. To avoid this occupation of the surface and the resulting urban scars, a lot has already been invested in the underground. Whilst, the airspace is still very little exploited by urban transport systems. In order to deepen knowledge in this area, the research theme focused on the urban ropeways, a cable air transport system, which several innovative examples can be found in Latin America. Relevant for whom? The research conducted is divided into two stages. As a first step, a sociological analysis made it possible to determine how urban ropeways are relevant for users and represent an interesting alternative to other means of public transportation. This analysis is based on a survey among users of ten public transportation lines in Switzerland and Brazil. Relevance where? In a latter phase, the analysis concerns the project of urban ropeways in the urbanized areas. This transportation system can be considered as a complex project because of its constructive characteristics, at the territorial big scale. A sequence of large mobility interfaces projected along the ropeway path transforms connectivity, density, and public space. These different architectural objects of mixed use are connected in minutes by the cable and their strong presence in the urban landscape raises questions of relevance. Spread in the Rio de Janeiro, Lake Geneva and New York metropolis, ten cable routes are studied, taking into account the temporality of project progress and the degree of urbanization of the target territory. This evaluation of the project practice aims to determine the extent to which urban ropeways is likely to be developed in European territory, Swiss in this instance. At the end of these analysis, the thesis makes it possible to conclude that urban ropeways have their relevance in European cities, but under fairly specific conditions.

EPFL2019

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Tracing China's external driving sources and internal emission hotspots of export-driven PM10 emission

Yue Lu, Qinli Lu

External trade could induce extensive air pollutant emissions among partners. PM10 (particles smaller than 10 mu m) is an important pollutant that could cause various problems. Few studies have researched the spatial heterogeneity of this export-driven pollutant at a high physical spatial resolution, especially given the lack of detailed spatial data based on sectors. Based on the Eora and EDGAR databases, and the MRIO model, this study calculated the export pulled emissions, identified the external driving sources of China's PM10 emissions, visualized the actual internal export-driven PM10 emissions sources and hot spots at a high spatial resolution. China's export-driven and net export-driven PM10 emissions during 1990-2015 generally increased and decreased, respectively, and the net one reversed from positive to negative in 2012. Globally, the external driving sources of China's export-driven PM10 emissions were mostly Latin American and African developing countries/regions and other European developed countries/regions. Nationally, China's export-driven PM10 emissions were mainly from the emission-intensive secondary industries, and the whole emission decreased from southeast to northwest spatially. Emissions hot spots were mostly concentrated on the North China Plain, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Sichuan Basin, and they exhibited a polarization phenomenon during 1990-2012. We finally proposed an importer-exporter shared responsibility mechanism to reduce export-driven PM10 emission. These results offer excellent references for China's government to enact targeted export-driven PM10 emissions mitigation strategies. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2020

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EPFL2019