Peinture de paysage | EPFL Graph Search

vignette|400px|Estes Park, Colorado, Whyte's Lake, Albert Bierstadt, 1877. . , Cody (Wyoming).Le format du paysage de la peinture romantique tardive exalte souvent les espaces naturels grandioses, sauvages, montagneux, et les panoramas. vignette|400px|Peinture de paysage peinte sur le motif, réserve naturelle de Hourtin. La peinture de paysage est un genre pictural figuratif qui représente le paysage. Associé à des éléments narratifs, allégoriques ou autres, le paysage s'illustre dans le monde romain antique, les miniatures du Moyen Âge occidental, ainsi que dans la miniature persane et la peinture indienne. Dans les cultures de l'Extrême-Orient le paysage, dit « shanshui », joue un rôle central dans la peinture de lettré en Chine, en Corée, et au Japon, où on le désigne par sa technique d'exécution, « sumi-e » . En Occident, le paysage peint prend de l'importance à la Renaissance pour situer l'action d'un sujet religieux ou mythologique ; le goût pour le paysage en lui-même se

Images des microcosmes flottants

Olivier Nicolas Meystre

This research focuses on the premise that depiction is quintessential to the conception of an architectural project. The representation also provides insights regarding how the architects design the architecture. This thesis is intended towards understanding new forms and paradigms of design mediation that have emerged over the last two decades in Japan. It unravels and highlights the historical, theoretical aspects and analyses the evolution, convergence and major trends in the field of architectural representation. Based on bibliographical sources and exclusive, unpublished interviews with the prominent Japanese architects of the period under consideration, this work presents six cross-functional themes with the objective to identify and examine the critical tools that could be used in the conception and representation of the contemporary Japanese architecture. The understanding of the underlying techniques reveal a very hybridised landscape of digital and analog tools with a paradoxical objective of imparting a manual effect to the entire expression. The treatment of light in the images of the project is characterised by overexposure and dispersion that adds an elusory, unseizable dimension to the objects and spatial limits. In a similar fashion, the graphical limits, are either diminished or diluted giving an impression of a space with evolving outlines. The pseudo-naive expression of multiple images, achieved by the profusion of familiar objects, obliterates the orthodox hierarchy among the architectural elements and opens up the possibility of evoking and imagining tiny, soothing universes in an architecture which is otherwise radical to the beholder. The point of view used in images transcend the Euclidean realism, producing an imagery that seems to float in free space. Finally, the genealogy of relationship between masters and students permits the tracing of the lines of influence, how the craftsmanship changed hands and percolated down the professional world. The specificities in the Japanese representation are a testimony to the complex approach of the architects towards an architectural project, where all the attributes of space are questioned and redefined but still the undercurrent of tradition continues to have a pivotal influence.

EPFL2015

Perception and use of landscape concepts in the procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment: Case study-Switzerland and Romania

Alexandre Buttler, Andreea Nita

The European Landscape Convention (ELC) defines landscape as "an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors". Because all aspects linked to landscape are evaluated during the Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) procedure, we assessed the Swiss and Romanian experts' perception and EIA reports regarding the landscape concept. Therefore, we analysed Swiss and Romanian experts' perception of landscape, we evaluated concepts and methods used in environmental impact reports to assess landscape characteristics and functions, and how the ELC's aim and objectives are reflected by the EIA reports. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis performed to evaluate the experts' perception of landscape integration in the EIA procedure showed a significant relationship among pattern of answers and experts' professional background. Moreover, there is a significant difference between Swiss and Romanian expert's perception. Longer experience in the field and a higher level of education indicates higher awareness of landscape characteristics and properties, which demonstrates that alongside with the initial training, there is a need for developing a coherent long-life learning systems having landscape analysis as a focus. The ELC is familiar to nearly 86% of the Romanian Environmental Impact Assessment actors and nearly 29% of the Swiss experts. By contrast, most of the Romanian EIA reports analysed do not employ many concepts of the ELC, while most of the Swiss environmental reports incorporate objectives of landscape protection consistent with the Convention. Our study relies on the comparative investigation of representative case studies of Environmental Impact Assessment reports for industry, local infrastructures, tourism facilities, and wind farm projects, as well on tracking how the European Landscape Convention is reflected by the EIA reports. We found that EIA reports from both countries evaluate the visual landscape, thus, achieving subjective assessment of landscape aesthetics without focusing on social and ecological sub-systems. Quantitative elements of landscape analysis are mostly absent and it is challenging to evaluate whether environmental assessments are consistent among European Landscape Convention countries. To overcome the abstract way of evaluation of project's impact on landscape through EIA procedure, an improved landscape analysis procedure is needed and we propose developing technical guidelines, under the European Landscape Convention umbrella, in order to enhance landscape management. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elsevier Sci Ltd2015

The transferability of distribution models across regions: an amphibian case study

Flavio Zanini

Predicting species distribution is of fundamental importance for ecology and conservation. However, distribution models are usually established for only one region and it is unknown whether they can be transferred to other geographical regions. We studied the distribution of six amphibian species in five regions to address the question of whether the effect of landscape variables varied among regions. We analysed the effect of 10 variables extracted in six concentric buffers (from 100 m to 3 km) describing landscape composition around breeding ponds at different spatial scales. We used data on the occurrence of amphibian species in a total of 655 breeding ponds. We accounted for proximity to neighbouring populations by including a connectivity index to our models. We used logistic regression and information-theoretic model selection to evaluate candidate models for each species.

2009