Cognitive liberty, or the "right to mental self-determination", is the freedom of an individual to control their own mental processes, cognition, and consciousness. It has been argued to be both an extension of, and the principle underlying, the right to freedom of thought. Though a relatively recently defined concept, many theorists see cognitive liberty as being of increasing importance as technological advances in neuroscience allow for an ever-expanding ability to directly influence consciousness. Cognitive liberty is not a recognized right in any international human rights treaties, but has gained a limited level of recognition in the United States, and is argued to be the principle underlying a number of recognized rights.
The term "cognitive liberty" was coined by neuroethicist Wrye Sententia and legal theorist and lawyer Richard Glen Boire, the founders and directors of the non-profit Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics (CCLE). Sententia and Boire define cognitive liberty as "the right of each individual to think independently and autonomously, to use the full power of his or her mind, and to engage in multiple modes of thought."
Sententia and Boire conceived of the concept of cognitive liberty as a response to the increasing ability of technology to monitor and manipulate cognitive function, and the corresponding increase in the need to ensure individual cognitive autonomy and privacy. Sententia divides the practical application of cognitive liberty into two principles:
As long as their behavior does not endanger others, individuals should not be compelled against their will to use technologies that directly interact with the brain or be forced to take certain psychoactive drugs.
As long as they do not subsequently engage in behavior that harms others, individuals should not be prohibited from, or criminalized for, using new mind-enhancing drugs and technologies.
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Neuroenhancement or cognitive enhancement refers to the targeted enhancement and extension of cognitive and affective abilities based on an understanding of their underlying neurobiology in healthy persons who do not have any mental illness and outcomes in experimental research. As such, it can be thought of as an umbrella term that encompasses pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of improving neurological functionality, especially interventions designed to improve human form or functioning beyond what is necessary to sustain or restore good health, as well as the overarching ethico-legal discourse that accompanies these aims and practices.
La neuroéthique est une discipline à cheval entre les neurosciences et la philosophie et relève plus particulièrement du domaine de l'éthique. Au sein de la recherche académique, il n'y a pas encore d'unanimité sur le domaine recouvert par la neuroéthique. Certains l'envisagent comme une branche de la bioéthique, qui étudierait les valeurs morales des technologies neuroscientifiques. Ainsi, William Safire (1929-2009) définit la neuroéthique comme étant « le domaine de la philosophie qui discute sur le plan moral de la manipulation ou l'amélioration du cerveau humain ».
La neurotechnologie désigne toute technologie ayant une influence fondamentale sur la manière dont sont compris le cerveau et ses fonctions supérieures, les différents aspects de la conscience et de la pensée. Elle inclut également les technologies visant à réparer, voire améliorer le fonctionnement du cerveau ainsi que celles qui permettent aux chercheurs et cliniciens de visualiser le cerveau. Aujourd'hui, la neurotechnologie est en cours de développement.
Déplacez-vous dans les techniques de stimulation magnétique transcrânienne pour la neuromodulation, explorant la plasticité cérébrale, l'AVC, la maladie d'Alzheimer et l'amélioration cognitive.
Learning and memory rely on synaptic communication in which intracellular signals are transported to the nucleus to stimulate transcriptional activation. Memory induced transcriptional increases are accompanied by alterations to the epigenetic landscape an ...
The rise of neurotechnologies, especially in combination with artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods for brain data analytics, has given rise to concerns around the protection of mental privacy, mental integrity and cognitive liberty - often framed as ...
The increasing diffusion of novel digital and online sociotechnical systems for arational behavioral influence based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as social media, microtargeting advertising, and personalized search algorithms, has brought about ne ...