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Concept
Youth suffrage
Résumé
Youth suffrage is the right of youth to vote and forms part of the broader universal suffrage and youth rights movements. Most democracies have lowered the voting age to between 16 and 18, while some advocates for children's suffrage hope to remove age restrictions entirely.
Suffrage
The "one man, one vote" democratic ideal supports giving voting rights to as many people as possible in order for the wisdom of a more representative electorate to create better outcomes for society. Setting a voting age at or below 16, for example, would accomplish that practical goal, while also creating a more ethical democracy for those who believe that those most impacted by government decisions (those with the longest life expectancy) are given at least an equal say in decision-making.
The idea of presumptive inclusion, which is broadly accepted, especially by those who study democracy, holds that individuals should be given the right to vote by default and only removed if the government can decisively prove why someone shouldn't have that right. Airing on the side of over-inclusion also checks the temptations of those with power (or simply status quo bias) to exclude capable voters. The first reason for exclusion that is seen as legitimate by some democratic theorists is competence, while the second is connection to the community. Age-related debates fall under the question of competence.
Many countries don't require literacy in order to vote, validating the idea that attaining a certain level of education is not needed to understand how to cast a vote according to one's interest or beliefs. In the 1965 U.S. Voting Rights Act for example, it was determined that a 6th grade education (typically achieved by age 12-13) provided "sufficient literacy, comprehension and intelligence to vote in any election." If kids were given the same tests that adults whose brains are atypical must pass in order to vote, then many pre-adolescents would qualify as competent (see also: ableism, neurodiversity, and Suffrage for Americans with disabilities).
Source officielle
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