Concept
Scrambling (linguistics)
Concepts associés (13)
Syntactic movement
Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities. Movement was first postulated by structuralist linguists who expressed it in terms of discontinuous constituents or displacement. Some constituents appear to have been displaced from the position in which they receive important features of interpretation. The concept of movement is controversial and is associated with so-called transformational or derivational theories of syntax (such as transformational grammar, government and binding theory, minimalist program).
Catena (linguistics)
In linguistics, a catena (English pronunciation: kəˈtiːnə, plural catenas or catenae; from Latin for "chain") is a unit of syntax and morphology, closely associated with dependency grammars. It is a more flexible and inclusive unit than the constituent and its proponents therefore consider it to be better suited than the constituent to serve as the fundamental unit of syntactic and morphosyntactic analysis. The catena has served as the basis for the analysis of a number of phenomena of syntax, such as idiosyncratic meaning, ellipsis mechanisms (e.
Extraposition
Extraposition is a mechanism of syntax that alters word order in such a manner that a relatively "heavy" constituent appears to the right of its canonical position. Extraposing a constituent results in a discontinuity and in this regard, it is unlike shifting, which does not generate a discontinuity. The extraposed constituent is separated from its governor by one or more words that dominate its governor. Two types of extraposition are acknowledged in theoretical syntax: standard cases where extraposition is optional and it-extraposition where extraposition is obligatory.
Thématisation
En linguistique, on appelle thématisation (dans la tradition terminologique francophone) ou topicalisation (dans la tradition terminologique anglophone) un procédé langagier consistant à mettre en position de thème (en anglais topic) un élément ou un groupe d'éléments qui composent la phrase. Selon la définition structuraliste, le thème est à opposer au rhème dans le sens où le rhème représente un propos « nouveau » alors que le thème représente le cadre général du discours.
Discontinuity (linguistics)
In linguistics, a discontinuity occurs when a given word or phrase is separated from another word or phrase that it modifies in such a manner that a direct connection cannot be established between the two without incurring crossing lines in the tree structure. The terminology that is employed to denote discontinuities varies depending on the theory of syntax at hand. The terms discontinuous constituent, displacement, long distance dependency, unbounded dependency, and projectivity violation are largely synonymous with the term discontinuity.
Déplacement QU-
Dans le domaine de la linguistique, le déplacement QU- est une transformation syntaxique qui concerne le mouvement des syntagmes interrogatifs. Cette opération est appelée « déplacement QU- » parce que plusieurs mots interrogatifs français commencent par les lettres « qu- », tels que qui, que, quoi, quel(le)(s) et quand. Les mots interrogatifs qui ne commencent pas « qu- », mais sont toujours assujettis au deplacement QU-, incluent pourquoi, comment, combien, et où.
Rection
En grammaire traditionnelle, la rection est, dans certaines langues, un processus par lequel, dans un rapport syntaxique de subordination, un mot (le régissant) impose à un autre mot (le régi) un certain moyen de réalisation du rapport. Ce moyen dépend de la langue en question et du sens du régissant, pouvant être de nature seulement analytique (une adposition), seulement synthétique (une certaine désinence casuelle) ou analytique et synthétique à la fois.
Shifting (syntax)
In syntax, shifting occurs when two or more constituents appearing on the same side of their common head exchange positions in a sense to obtain non-canonical order. The most widely acknowledged type of shifting is heavy NP shift, but shifting involving a heavy NP is just one manifestation of the shifting mechanism. Shifting occurs in most if not all European languages, and it may in fact be possible in all natural languages including sign languages.
Langue VOS
In linguistic typology, a verb–object–subject or verb–object–agent language, which is commonly abbreviated VOS or VOA, is one in which most sentences arrange their elements in that order. That would be the equivalent in English to "Drank cocktail Sam." The relatively rare default word order accounts for only 3% of the world's languages. It is the fourth-most common default word order among the world's languages out of the six.
Prédicat (linguistique)
En grammaire, le prédicat est une partie de la phrase simple. Sa notion connaît plusieurs interprétations, toutes prenant en compte son rapport avec une autre partie de la phrase simple, le sujet. Selon l’une des interprétations, le prédicat est un syntagme verbal, qu’il soit constitué d’un verbe seul, ou de celui-ci et d’un ou plusieurs éléments qui lui sont subordonnés. Par exemple, dans la phrase Pierre écrit une lettre à sa mère, le prédicat serait toute la partie de la phrase qui suit le sujet Pierre.