Autotransfusion

Autotransfusion is a process wherein a person receives their own blood for a transfusion, instead of banked allogenic (separate-donor) blood. There are two main kinds of autotransfusion: Blood can be autologously "pre-donated" (termed so despite "donation" not typically referring to giving to one's self) before a surgery, or alternatively, it can be collected during and after the surgery using an intraoperative blood salvage device (such as a Cell Saver, HemoClear or CATS). The latter form of autotransfusion is utilized in surgeries where there is expected a large volume blood loss – e.g. aneurysm, total joint replacement, and spinal surgeries. The effectiveness, safety, and cost-savings of intraoperative cell salvage in people who are undergoing thoracic or abdominal surgery following trauma is not known. The first documented use of "self-donated" blood was in 1818, and interest in the practice continued until the Second World War, at which point blood supply became less of an issue due to the increased number of blood donors. Later, interest in the procedure returned with concerns about allogenic (separate-donor) transfusions. Autotransfusion is used in a number of orthopedic, trauma, and cardiac cases, amongst others. Where appropriate, it carries certain advantages –including the reduction of infection risk, and the provision of more functional cells not subjected to the significant storage durations common among banked allogenic (separate-donor) blood products. Autotransfusion also refers to the natural process, where (during fetal delivery) the uterus naturally contracts, shunting blood back into the maternal circulation. This is important in pregnancy, because the uterus (at the later stages of fetal development) can hold as much as 16% of the mother's blood supply Autotransfusion is intended for use in situations characterized by the loss of one or more units of blood and may be particularly advantageous for use in cases involving rare blood groups, risk of infectious disease transmission, restricted homologous blood supply or other medical situations for which the use of homologous blood is contraindicated.

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Concentré de globules rouges

Les concentrés de globules rouges, également appelés concentrés cellulaires, ou encore culot globulaire, sont des globules rouges qui ont été séparés en vue d'une transfusion sanguine . Les concentrés cellulaires sont généralement utilisés en cas d'anémie qui provoque des symptômes ou lorsque le taux d'hémoglobine est inférieur à 70 à 80 g/L (7 à 8 g/dL). Chez l'adulte, une unité augmente le taux d'hémoglobine d'environ 10 g/L (1 g/dL).

Plasma frais congelé

vignette|Un sachet de plasma frais congelé Le plasma frais congelé est la dénomination d'un produit sanguin labile utilisé en transfusion sanguine. Ce produit, issu d'un prélèvement par aphérèse chez un donneur de sang bénévole (du moins en France), est conservé congelé à une température inférieure à -25 °C pendant 1 an au maximum à compter de la date de prélèvement. L'indication de sa transfusion, c'est d'apporter au malade l'ensemble des divers facteurs de coagulation dont il est déficitaire.

Intraoperative blood salvage

Intraoperative blood salvage (IOS), also known as cell salvage, is a specific type of autologous blood transfusion. Specifically IOS is a medical procedure involving recovering blood lost during surgery and re-infusing it into the patient. It is a major form of autotransfusion. It has been used for many years and gained greater attention over time as risks associated with allogenic (separate-donor) blood transfusion have seen greater publicity and become more fully appreciated.

In vitro investigations of red blood cell phase separation in a complex microchannel network

Francesco Clavica

Microvascular networks feature a complex topology with multiple bifurcating vessels. Nonuniform partitioning (phase separation) of red blood cells (RBCs) occurs at diverging bifurcations, leading to a heterogeneous RBC distribution that ultimately affects ...

2020

An optimized and validated 384-well plate assay to test platelet function in a high-throughput screening format

Nikolaos Stergiopulos, Olivier Burri, Marc Chambon, Julien Bortoli Chapalay, Fabiana Pereira Da Costa Fraga, Augusto Martins Lima, Maiia Bragina

Despite significant advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, antiplatelet therapies are still associated with a high risk of hemorrhage. In order to develop new drugs, methods to measure platelet function must be adapted for the high-throughpu ...

TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC2019

Adult Drosophila Lack Hematopoiesis but Rely on a Blood Cell Reservoir at the Respiratory Epithelia to Relay Infection Signals to Surrounding Tissues

Bruno Lemaitre, Elodie Julie Virginie Ramond

The use of adult Drosophila melanogaster as a model for hematopoiesis or organismal immunity has been debated. Addressing this question, we identify an extensive reservoir of blood cells (hemocytes) at the respiratory epithelia (tracheal air sacs) of the t ...

CELL PRESS2019