Medical degreeA medical degree is a professional degree admitted to those who have passed coursework in the fields of medicine and/or surgery from an accredited medical school. Obtaining a degree in medicine allows for the recipient to continue on into specialty training with the end goal of securing a license to practice within their respective jurisdiction. Medical graduates may also pursue non-clinical careers including those in basic research and positions within the healthcare industry.
Médecine physique et de réadaptationLa médecine physique et de réadaptation (MPR) est une spécialité médicale orientée vers la récupération de capacités fonctionnelles et de qualité de vie des patients atteints de handicap, congénital ou acquis, par accident par exemple. Les médecins qui ont approfondi ces études, souvent appelés « médecins rééducateurs », « physiatres » ou « médecins physiques », sont qualifiés en médecine physique et de réadaptation (MPR).
Fellowship (medicine)A fellowship is the period of medical training, in the United States and Canada, that a physician, dentist, or veterinarian may undertake after completing a specialty training program (residency). During this time (usually more than one year), the physician is known as a fellow. Fellows are capable of acting as an attending physician or a consultant physician in the specialist field in which they were trained, such as internal medicine or pediatrics.
Board certificationBoard certification is the process by which a physician or other professional demonstrates a mastery of advanced knowledge and skills through written, oral, practical, or simulator-based testing. There are more than 25 boards that certify physician specialists in the United States, although there is no legal requirement for a physician to attain it. Some hospitals may demand that physicians be board certified to receive privileges.
American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic SpecialistsEstablished in 1939, the American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists (BOS) is the supervisory body for the AOA's 16 Specialty Certifying Boards in the United States. The BOS establishes and enforces policy for board certification through the AOA Specialty Certifying Boards and maintains high standards for certification through the development and implementation of educational and professional standards used to evaluate and certify osteopathic and non-osteopathic (MD and equivalent) physician.
Chirurgie pédiatriqueLa chirurgie pédiatrique est une branche de la chirurgie qui se limite à une tranche d'âge s'étendant de la période prénatale à l'adolescence. La chirurgie pédiatrique peut également s'intituler chirurgie infantile. Comme de nombreuses disciplines médicales, la chirurgie pédiatrique prend son essor à la fin du . L’hôpital Necker-Enfants malades se trouve en tête des efforts menés dans ce domaine grâce aux travaux de Paul Guersant, et Louis-Alexandre de Saint Germain.
PsychiatrieLa psychiatrie est une spécialité médicale traitant de la maladie mentale. L'étymologie du mot provient du mot grec psyche (ψυχή), signifiant , et iatros qui signifie médecin (littéralement médecine de l'âme). Le terme « psychiatrie » a été introduit pour la première fois en Allemagne par Johann Christian Reil en 1808, qui, d'emblée, a situé cette spécialité sous le signe de traitements qui comprenaient le traitement psychologique et chimique.
Études de médecinevignette|Les bibliothèques universitaires (ici celle de Paris) ont joué un rôle important pour la formation des médecins. vignette|Modèle de cire présentant une tête humaine vue en coupe, autrefois utilisée pour la formation médicale (Source : Archives médicales militaires des États-Unis ; ref:MIS 218756-2). vignette|Autre exemple de section anatomique sagittale d'une tête humaine préparée (coloration, conservation) pour utilisation pédagogique.
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical EducationThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is the body responsible for accrediting all graduate medical training programs (i.e., internships, residencies, and fellowships, a.k.a. subspecialty programs) for physicians in the United States. It is a non-profit private council that evaluates and accredits medical residency and internship programs. The ACGME was founded in 1981 and was preceded by the Liaison Committee for Graduate Medical Education, which was established in 1972.
Internship (medicine)A medical (or surgical) intern is a physician in training who has completed medical school and has a medical degree but does not yet have a license to practice medicine unsupervised. Medical education generally ends with a period of practical training similar to internship, but the way the overall program of academic and practical medical training is structured differs depending upon the country, as does the terminology used (see medical education and medical school for further details).
