Agriculture de précision

Résumé

L'agriculture de précision est un principe de gestion des parcelles agricoles qui vise l'optimisation des rendements et des investissements, en cherchant à mieux tenir compte des variabilités des milieux et des conditions entre parcelles différentes ainsi qu'à des échelles intra-parcellaires. thumb| fausses-couleurs illustrant la variabilité parcellaire et intraparcellaire. Cette variabilité est ici mise en évidence en croisant l'infrarouge et la réflectance de la végétation dans plusieurs autres gammes de longueurs d'onde (source : NASA Earth Observatory) thumb| Capteurs (N-Sensor ALS) produits par le vendeur de fertilisants azotés Yara. Il est monté sur la cabine d'un tracteur et enregistre la réflectance de la végétation afin de calculer une fertilisation supposée être plus proche des besoins de la plante. Le débit de fertilisant azoté est alors régulé par le calculateur embarqué. thumb|L’adaptation de la forme des champs au relief (« contour farming » pour les anglophones), et l’a

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_de_pr%C3%A9cision

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Miniature hyperspectral systems

Dragos Constantin

Spectroscopy methods have been used for decades to obtain information about various materials, ranging from galaxies billions of light years from earth, to Petri dishes containing rich bacteria cultures. From spectrometers in chemical labs to spectral cameras on satellites, the high dimensionality of spectral data is proven to be an excellent source of information for detection and classification of materials. In this study, state-of-the-art solutions for aerial hyperspectral surveys are reviewed and improved upon. In the frame of Leman-Baikal project, stringent requirements stemming from large scale hyperspectral mapping, have led to the development of a novel pushbroom data acquisition system and automated processing pipeline. The resulting end-to-end solution was successfully deployed on ultralight aircraft and subsequently used to acquire and process more than 15 terabytes of spectral data over the course of three years. The spectral data collected has proved its usefulness in environmental monitoring, generating water turbidity maps and vegetation classifications. The insight gained from the pushbroom system experiments led to the design and prototyping of a compact snapshot hyperspectral system, well suited for unmanned aerial vehicles. Weighing only 250 g and being a frame camera, the snapshot system presents many advantages over the pushbroom, including compatibility with automated image stitching and georeferencing solutions. Similarly to the pushbroom platform, a camera has been prototyped and the corresponding processing pipeline has been implemented. However, being based on interferometric filters, the snapshot hyperspectral sensors require extremely accurate calibration due to their complex transmissions. Novel methods and devices are presented in this study to overcome the interferometric spectral transmission issue, using either machine learning or compressive sensing approaches. The snapshot hyperspectral solution has been used in multiple studies and is shown to be particularly useful in the case of precision agriculture, where important plant traits are shown to correlate strongly with computed spectral maps.

EPFL2017

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, ,

Technological innovation is vital for finding solutions to key challenges the world is facing. Climate change, pollution, disease, rising inequalities, and chronic poverty all need to be addressed. We need renewable energy sources, efficient transport networks, functioning public health systems, well-designed infrastructure, improved agricultural systems, and access to quality education for everyone. Technologies for development play a key role as pathways to sustainable development. Developing and emerging countries can take advantage of technological leapfrogging in key domains such as health (mHealth), energy (solar, wind, and hydropower), education (massive open online courses [MOOCs]), urban development (smart cities), and agriculture (precision farming). Developing and emerging countries could even surpass high-income countries in the use of information and communication technology (ICTs). We can expect technological innovation to be increasingly developed in the Global South and to become a source of inspiration for the Global North. Living labs, open-source, and open innovation movements are growing trends that will support and accelerate the development of effective technologies.

Springer2015

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Photogrammetric Mission Planner for RPAS

Florian Gandor, Martin Rehak, Jan Skaloud

This paper presents a development of an open-source flight planning tool for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) that is dedicated to high-precision photogrammetric mapping. This tool contains planning functions that are usually available in professional mapping systems for manned aircrafts as well as new features related to GPS signal masking in complex (e.g. mountainous) terrain. The application is based on the open-source Java SDK (Software Development Kit) World Wind from NASA that contains the main geospatial components facilitating the development itself. Besides standard planning functions known from other mission planners, we mainly focus on additional features dealing with safety and accuracy, such as GPS quality assessment. The need for the development came as a response for unifying mission planning across different platforms (e.g. rotary or fixed wing) operating over terrain of different complexity. A special attention is given to the user interface, that is intuitive to use and cost-effective with respect to computer resources.

2015

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Miniature hyperspectral systems

Dragos Constantin

EPFL2017