Critical state soil mechanics

Critical state soil mechanics is the area of soil mechanics that encompasses the conceptual models that represent the mechanical behavior of saturated remolded soils based on the Critical State concept. Formulation The Critical State concept is an idealization of the observed behavior of saturated remoulded clays in triaxial compression tests, and it is assumed to apply to undisturbed soils. It states that soils and other granular materials, if continuously distorted (sheared) until they flow as a frictional fluid, will come into a well-defined critical state. At the onset of the critical state, shear distortions \ \varepsilon_s occur without any further changes in mean effective stress \ p', deviatoric stress \ q (or yield stress, \ \sigma_y, in uniaxial tension according to the von Mises yielding criterion), or specific volume \ \nu: :\ \frac{\partial p'}{\partial \varepsilon_s}=\frac{\partial q}{\part

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CIVIL-402: Geomechanics

The course aims at providing future civil engineers with the knowledge of geomechanics for professional practice. It addresses, among others, the main stress-strain constitutive models within the context of elasticity and elasto-plasticity and the estimation methods of the lateral earth pressure.

CIVIL-306: Geotechnical engineering

Les étudiants connaissent les techniques de calculs et de réalisation des fondation d'ouvrages et de soutènement des en terrain meuble.
Ils savent déterminer les facteurs influençant un projet géotechnique et dimensionner les ouvrages afin de satisfaire les états limites externes

Numerical simulation of a layered elastic system using the boundaty element method

Ariele Forni

The aim of this project is to implement a boundary element method program in order to solve the soil mechanics problem of a two-layered soil subject to a contact on his top surface. For this, I use Python programming language and follow the fictitious element method numerical procedures described in the literature. In the first section of this report, a brief explanation of the context and method is given. Then the methodology and model implementation are described gradually. Finally, the validation with several soil mechanics problems and the results are presented.

2020

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Modeling snow and avalanches with the Material Point Method and finite strain elastoplasticity

Lars Kristoffer Uhlen Blatny, Johan Alexandre Philippe Gaume, Xingyue Li, Bertil Trottet

Snow is a complex and fascinating material which can sustain stresses like a solid or flow like a fluid depending upon the load it is subjected to. The transition from solid to fluid state can lead to catastrophic snow slab avalanches. Modeling large deformations, compaction, fractures and contacts involved in snow and avalanche mechanics requires both suitable constitutive models and an appropriate numerical framework. Recently, the Material Point Method (MPM), a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian continuum approach, has shown great promise in modeling complex processes involved in snow avalanche release and flow in a unified manner. This includes compaction hardening, anticrack nucleation and propagation during slab avalanche release and flow regime transition reported in avalanche dynamics. In this Chapter, we first introduce the state of the art in snow and avalanche mechanics as well as related modeling challenges. Second, we recall finite strain elastoplasticity theory and the MPM algorithm. Third, we describe different constitutive snow models based on damage or critical state soil mechanics. Finally, we show the application of MPM to snow microstructure compression, anticrack propagation in avalanche release as well as avalanche dynamics.

The Alliance of Laboratories in Europe for Education, Research and Technology2020

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Harnessing social perception of a bridge's condition

James Denman Birdsall, Eugen Brühwiler

Operating and maintaining a bridge is a union of two dichotomous entities: the analytical civil engineer and the experiencing public. In a perfect society, the concerns of the former would be actively and completely supported by the later, but in practice this support is commonly incomplete. This paper employs findings from the field of applied-psychology, heuristics in particular, and an example series of interactions with the Brooklyn Bridge to detail how social perception of a bridge’s condition evolves over time. From these findings, the authors propose to introduce partial high-quality but incomplete maintenance actions, implemented prior to a bridge reaching a critical state, to serve as an evaluation benchmark to harness and align the social perception of the bridge’s condition with that of the analytical engineer.

2006

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