Poverty in Canada refers to the state or condition in which a person or household lacks essential resourcesfinancial or otherwiseto maintain a modest standard of living in their community.
Researchers and governments have used different metrics to measure poverty in Canada including Low-Income Cut-Off (LICO), Low Income Measure (LIM), and Market Basket Measure (MBM). In November 2018, Employment and Social Development Canada announced the establishment of Canada's first Official Poverty Line to be based on the MBM. The MBM considers the cost of a basket of basic goods and services needed by a family of two adults and two children to maintain a modest standard of living.
There was an increase in poverty in Canada and many other industrial nations in the 1980s. By 2008, Canada's poverty rate was among the highest of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member nationsthe wealthiest countries in the world.
The number of people living below the official poverty line decreased substantially from 14.5% in 2015 to 10.1% in 2019, and 6.4% in 2020.
Child poverty in Canada declined since 2015, with the number of children who were living in poverty decreasing 71% by 2020. Child poverty has a disproportionately high effect on Indigenous households in Canada. According to a 2019 study by researchers at the Assembly of First Nations and the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (CCPA), nearly 50% of Indigenous children in Canadaboth on and off reservewere living in poverty.
As of 2020, about 2.4 million Canadians, or 6.4% of the population, lived below the poverty line, according to Statistics Canada Canadian Income Survey, 2020 released on March 23, 2022.
The 2020 Canadian Income Survey (CIS) released in March 2022 by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) said that there was a substantial decrease in the poverty rate from 14.5% in 2015 to 6.4% in 2020. This represents the largest 5-year decrease since 1976. Approximately 2.4 million Canadians are living below Canada's Official Poverty Line, based on 2020 income tax returns.
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Les Canadiens sont les citoyens du Canada. En 2016, ils sont majoritairement d'ascendance européenne, principalement britannique (Irlandais inclus) et française. L'ethnonyme Canadien(s) se compose du nom géographique Canada et du suffixe -ien(s). En anglais : Canadians. L'historien nationaliste Lionel Groulx rapporte en 1958 que Jacques Cartier désignait « les sauvages de Canada » (les peuples autochtones) sous le nom de Canadians et que son confrère André Thevet utilisait quant à lui la graphie Canadéens.