Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), and the public safety roles of public safety bomb disposal (PSBD) and the bomb squad.
The first professional civilian bomb squad was established by Sir Vivian Dering Majendie. As a Major in the Royal Artillery, Majendie investigated an explosion on 2 October 1874 in the Regent's Canal, when the barge 'Tilbury', carrying six barrels of petroleum and five tons of gunpowder, blew up, killing the crew and destroying Macclesfield Bridge and cages at nearby London Zoo. In 1875, he framed the Explosives Act, the first modern legislation for explosives control. He also pioneered many bomb disposal techniques, including remote methods for the handling and dismantling of explosives. His advice during the Fenian dynamite campaign of 1881–85 was officially recognised as having contributed to the saving of lives. After Victoria Station was bombed on 26 February 1884, he defused a bomb built with a clockwork mechanism which might have gone off at any moment.
The New York City Police Department established its first bomb squad in 1903. Known as the "Italian Squad", its primary mission was to deal with dynamite bombs used by the Mafia to intimidate immigrant Italian merchants and residents. It would later be known as the "Anarchist Squad" and the "Radical Squad" for its response to radical bomb attacks in the wake of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.
Bomb disposal became a formalized practice during World War I. The swift mass production of munitions led to many manufacturing defects, and a large proportion of shells fired by both sides were found to be "duds". These were hazardous to attacker and defender alike.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), and the public safety roles of public safety bomb disposal (PSBD) and the bomb squad. The first professional civilian bomb squad was established by Sir Vivian Dering Majendie.
Les engins explosifs improvisés (EEI), engins explosifs de circonstance (EEC) (en anglais : Improvised Explosive Device, IED), engins explosifs de fortune, pièges explosifs, mines ou bombes artisanales sont principalement employés dans les conflits asymétriques par les combattants irréguliers, comme les terroristes et les guérilleros, et par les commandos. Ce type d'arme existe depuis l'invention de la poudre à canon, mais il a été largement médiatisé sous l'appellation d'EEI depuis l'intervention américaine de 2003 en Irak.
thumb|Obus anglais de gros calibre (), qui n'a pas explosé à l'impact, comme en moyenne un obus sur quatre en 1914-1918. L'expression munitions non explosées (traduction littérale de l'anglais en (en)) ou restes explosifs de guerre (en (en)) désigne généralement des munitions équipées d'une charge explosive, qui ont été tirées, mais n'ont pas explosé à l'impact. Il peut également s'agir de munitions stockées et perdues ou oubliées.