Circumpolar peoples and Arctic peoples are umbrella terms for the various indigenous peoples of the Arctic.
The earliest inhabitants of North America's central and eastern Arctic are referred to as the Arctic small tool tradition (AST) and existed c. 2500 BC. AST consisted of several Paleo-Eskimo cultures, including the Independence cultures and Pre-Dorset culture. The Dorset culture (Inuktitut: Tuniit or Tunit) refers to the next inhabitants of central and eastern Arctic. The Dorset culture evolved because of technological and economic changes during the period of 1050–550 BC. With the exception of the Quebec/Labrador peninsula, the Dorset culture vanished around 1500 AD.
Dorset/Thule culture transition dates around the 9th–10th centuries. Scientists theorize that there may have been cross-contact of the two cultures with sharing of technology, such as fashioning harpoon heads, or the Thule may have found Dorset remnants and adapted their ways with the predecessor culture. Others believe the Thule displaced the Dorset.
By 1300, the Inuit, present-day Arctic inhabitants and descendants of Thule culture, had settled in west Greenland, and moved into east Greenland over the following century. Over time, the Inuit have migrated throughout the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and the United States.
Other Circumpolar North Indigenous peoples include the Chukchi, Evenks, Inupiat, Khanty, Koryaks, Nenets, Sami, Yukaghir, and Yupik. Yupik People still refer to themselves as Eskimo which means "snowshoe netters", not "raw meat eaters" as it is sometimes mistakenly translated.
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Les Inuit ou Inuits sont un groupe de peuples autochtones partageant des similitudes culturelles et une origine ethnique commune vivant dans les régions arctiques de l'Amérique du Nord. Il y a environ vivant au Groenland, au Canada et aux États-Unis. Bien que le Conseil circumpolaire inuit regroupe également les Yupiks de l'Alaska et de la Sibérie, ceux-ci ne sont pas des Inuit dans le sens d'une descendance thuléenne.
The Yupiit or Yupiat (sg. Yup'ik, dual Yupiik), also from the (including on Nelson Island and Nunivak Islands) to Bristol Bay as far south as the Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay. They are also known as Cup'ik by the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island. The Yupiit are the most numerous of the various Alaska Native groups and speak the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language, a member of the Eskimo–Aleut family of languages.
Esquimaux ou Eskimos (ou plus rarement Eskimaux) est un exonyme utilisé pour nommer principalement les Inuits mais également les Yupiks. Ces peuples autochtones de l'Arctique vivent en Alaska, dans le Grand Nord canadien, au Groenland et en Sibérie orientale. Bien que les Inuits représentent la majorité de la population désignée par le terme Esquimau, ce terme, popularisé par les explorateurs du , ne distingue aucune ethnie particulière. Il n'est pas utilisé par les Inuits eux-mêmes et est de nos jours considéré comme discriminatoire voire insultant par ces derniers.
The Global Arctic MOOC introduces you the dynamics between global changes and changes in the Arctic. This course aims to highlight the effects of climate change in the Polar region. In turn, it will u
The Arctic Yearbook is the outcome of the Northern Research Forum and the University of the Arctic Thematic Network (TN) on Geopolitics and Security. The TN also organizes the annual Calotte Academy. The Arctic Yearbook is intended to be the preeminent rep ...