Carl PetersenCarl Petersen studied physics as a bachelor student in Oxford (1989-1992). During his PhD studies under the supervision of Prof. Sir Michael Berridge in Cambridge (1992-1996), he investigated cellular and molecular mechanisms of calcium signalling. In his first postdoctoral period (1996-1998), he joined the laboratory of Prof. Roger Nicoll at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) to investigate synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus. During a second postdoctoral period, in the laboratory of Prof. Bert Sakmann at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg (1999-2003), he began working on the primary somatosensory barrel cortex, investigating cortical circuits and sensory processing. Carl Petersen joined the Brain Mind Institute of the Faculty of Life Sciences at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in 2003, setting up the Laboratory of Sensory Processing to investigate the functional operation of neuronal circuits in awake mice during quantified behavior. In 2019, Carl Petersen became the Director of the EPFL Brain Mind Institute, with the goal to promote quantitative multidisciplinary research into neural structure, function, dysfunction, computation and therapy through technological advances.
Pierre DillenbourgAncien instituteur primaire, Pierre Dillenbourg obtient un master en Sciences de lEducation (Université de Mons, Belgique). Dans son projet de master en 1986, il est l'un des premiers au monde à appliquer les méthodes de 'machine learning' à l'éducation, afin de développer un 'self-improving teaching system'. Ceci lui permettra de débuter une thèse de doctorat en informatique à l'Université de Lancaster (UK) dans le domaine des applications éducatives de lintelligence artificielle. Il a été Maître dEnseignement et de Recherche à lUniversité de Genève. Il rejoint l'EPFL en 2012, où Il fut le directeur du Centre de Recherche sur l'Apprentissage, la formation et ses technologies(CRAFT), puis académique du Centre pour l'Education à l'Ere Digitale (CEDE) qui met en oeuvre la stratégie MOOC de l'EPFL (plus de 2 millions d'inscriptions). Il est actuellement professeur ordinaire en technologies de formation aux sein de la faculté Informatique et Communications et dirige laboratoire d'ergonomie éducative (CHILI). Depuis 2006, il a aussi été le directeur de DUAL-T, la 'leading house' dédiée aux technologies pour les systèmes de formation professionnelle duale. Il a fondé plusieurs start-ups dans l'éducation et rejoint plusieurs conseils d'administration. En 2017, Il a créé avec des collègues le 'Swiss EdTech Collider', un incubateur qui rassemble 80 start-ups dans le domaine des technologies éducatives. En 2018, ils ont lancé LEARN, le centre EPFL pour les sciences de l'apprentissage, lequel regroupe les initiatives locales en innovation éducative. Pierre est un 'inaugural fellow of the International Society of Learning Sciences'. Il est actuellement le Vice-Président Associé pour l'Education à l'EPFL.
Wulfram GerstnerWulfram Gerstner is Director of the Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience LCN at the EPFL. His research in computational neuroscience concentrates on models of spiking neurons and spike-timing dependent plasticity, on the problem of neuronal coding in single neurons and populations, as well as on the link between biologically plausible learning rules and behavioral manifestations of learning. He teaches courses for Physicists, Computer Scientists, Mathematicians, and Life Scientists at the EPFL. After studies of Physics in Tübingen and at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (Master 1989), Wulfram Gerstner spent a year as a visiting researcher in Berkeley. He received his PhD in theoretical physics from the Technical University Munich in 1993 with a thesis on associative memory and dynamics in networks of spiking neurons. After short postdoctoral stays at Brandeis University and the Technical University of Munich, he joined the EPFL in 1996 as assistant professor. Promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in February 2001, he is since August 2006 a full professor with double appointment in the School of Computer and Communication Sciences and the School of Life Sciences. Wulfram Gerstner has been invited speaker at numerous international conferences and workshops. He has served on the editorial board of the Journal of Neuroscience, Network: Computation in Neural Systems', Journal of Computational Neuroscience', and `Science'.
Hannes BleulerOriginaire de Zollikon (ZH), Hannes Bleuler est né en 1954 au Maroc où il passa son enfance. Après la maturité latine a Zürich, il entre au Département d'électricité à l'ETHZ. Il obtient son diplôme en automatique, en 1978, et entre en fonction comme assistant à l'Institut de mécanique de la même école.
Il y participe à l'établissement du groupe de mécatronique et obtient son doctorat dans le domaine des paliers magnétiques actifs, activité qui mène à la fondation d'une compagnie avec des collègues et à un premier séjour de deux ans chez Hitachi au Japon.
De 1991 à 1995, il est d'abord Toshiba Professor of Intelligent Mechatronics à l'institut des sciences industrielles de l'Université de Tokyo et ensuite professeur associé régulier au département de microtechnique à cette même université.
Il y travaille en microtechnique (instrumentation) et robotique. A l'EPFL, ses activités se concentrent sur la robotique biomédicale et l'interface homme-machine (interfaces haptiques) et l'entraînement et la simulation de chirurgie. Il est directeur de la section microtechnique 2008-2009. Il anime les relations et les échanges entre l'EPFL et le Japon sur tous les niveaux et donne un cours (2010) sur l'histoire des sciences au Japon dans le cadre du Collège des Humanités.
Henry MarkramHenry Markram started a dual scientific and medical career at the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. His scientific work in the 80s revealed the polymodal receptive fields of pontomedullary reticular formation neurons in vivo and how acetylcholine re-organized these sensory maps.
He moved to Israel in 1988 and obtained his PhD at the Weizmann Institute where he discovered a link between acetylcholine and memory mechanisms by being the first to show that acetylcholine modulates the NMDA receptor in vitro studies, and thereby gates which synapses can undergo synaptic plasticity. He was also the first to characterize the electrical and anatomical properties of the cholinergic neurons in the medial septum diagonal band.
He carried out a first postdoctoral study as a Fulbright Scholar at the NIH, on the biophysics of ion channels on synaptic vesicles using sub-fractionation methods to isolate synaptic vesicles and patch-clamp recordings to characterize the ion channels. He carried out a second postdoctoral study at the Max Planck Institute, as a Minerva Fellow, where he discovered that individual action potentials propagating back into dendrites also cause pulsed influx of Ca2 into the dendrites and found that sub-threshold activity could also activated a low threshold Ca2 channel. He developed a model to show how different types of electrical activities can divert Ca2 to activate different intracellular targets depending on the speed of Ca2 influx an insight that helps explain how Ca2 acts as a universal second messenger. His most well known discovery is that of the millisecond watershed to judge the relevance of communication between neurons marked by the back-propagating action potential. This phenomenon is now called Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP), which many laboratories around the world have subsequently found in multiple brain regions and many theoreticians have incorporated as a learning rule. At the Max-Planck he also started exploring the micro-anatomical and physiological principles of the different neurons of the neocortex and of the mono-synaptic connections that they form - the first step towards a systematic reverse engineering of the neocortical microcircuitry to derive the blue prints of the cortical column in a manner that would allow computer model reconstruction.
He received a tenure track position at the Weizmann Institute where he continued the reverse engineering studies and also discovered a number of core principles of the structural and functional organization such as differential signaling onto different neurons, models of dynamic synapses with Misha Tsodyks, the computational functions of dynamic synapses, and how GABAergic neurons map onto interneurons and pyramidal neurons. A major contribution during this period was his discovery of Redistribution of Synaptic Efficacy (RSE), where he showed that co-activation of neurons does not only alter synaptic strength, but also the dynamics of transmission. At the Weizmann, he also found the tabula rasa principle which governs the random structural connectivity between pyramidal neurons and a non-random functional connectivity due to target selection. Markram also developed a novel computation framework with Wolfgang Maass to account for the impact of multiple time constants in neurons and synapses on information processing called liquid computing or high entropy computing.
In 2002, he was appointed Full professor at the EPFL where he founded and directed the Brain Mind Institute. During this time Markram continued his reverse engineering approaches and developed a series of new technologies to allow large-scale multi-neuron patch-clamp studies. Markrams lab discovered a novel microcircuit plasticity phenomenon where connections are formed and eliminated in a Darwinian manner as apposed to where synapses are strengthening or weakened as found for LTP. This was the first demonstration that neural circuits are constantly being re-wired and excitation can boost the rate of re-wiring.
At the EPFL he also completed the much of the reverse engineering studies on the neocortical microcircuitry, revealing deeper insight into the circuit design and built databases of the blue-print of the cortical column. In 2005 he used these databases to launched the Blue Brain Project. The BBP used IBMs most advanced supercomputers to reconstruct a detailed computer model of the neocortical column composed of 10000 neurons, more than 340 different types of neurons distributed according to a layer-based recipe of composition and interconnected with 30 million synapses (6 different types) according to synaptic mapping recipes. The Blue Brain team built dozens of applications that now allow automated reconstruction, simulation, visualization, analysis and calibration of detailed microcircuits. This Proof of Concept completed, Markrams lab has now set the agenda towards whole brain and molecular modeling.
With an in depth understanding of the neocortical microcircuit, Markram set a path to determine how the neocortex changes in Autism. He found hyper-reactivity due to hyper-connectivity in the circuitry and hyper-plasticity due to hyper-NMDA expression. Similar findings in the Amygdala together with behavioral evidence that the animal model of autism expressed hyper-fear led to the novel theory of Autism called the Intense World Syndrome proposed by Henry and Kamila Markram. The Intense World Syndrome claims that the brain of an Autist is hyper-sensitive and hyper-plastic which renders the world painfully intense and the brain overly autonomous. The theory is acquiring rapid recognition and many new studies have extended the findings to other brain regions and to other models of autism.
Markram aims to eventually build detailed computer models of brains of mammals to pioneer simulation-based research in the neuroscience which could serve to aggregate, integrate, unify and validate our knowledge of the brain and to use such a facility as a new tool to explore the emergence of intelligence and higher cognitive functions in the brain, and explore hypotheses of diseases as well as treatments.
Jean-Pierre HubauxJean-Pierre Hubaux is a full professor at EPFL and head of the Laboratory for Data Security. Through his research, he contributes to laying the foundations and developing the tools for protecting privacy in today’s hyper-connected world. He has pioneered the areas of privacy and security in mobile/wireless networks and in personalized health. He is the academic director of the Center for Digital Trust (C4DT). He leads the Data Protection in Personalized Health (DPPH) project funded by the ETH Council and is a co-chair of the Data Security Work Stream of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH). From 2008 to 2019 he was one of the seven commissioners of the Swiss FCC. He is a Fellow of both IEEE (2008) and ACM (2010). Recent awards: two of his papers obtained distinctions at the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy in 2015 and 2018. He is among the most cited researchers in privacy protection and in information security. Spoken languages: French, English, German, Italian
Ali H. SayedAli H. Sayed est doyen de la Faculté des sciences et techniques de l’ingénieur (STI) de l'EPFL, en Suisse, où il dirige également le laboratoire de systèmes adaptatifs. Il a également été professeur émérite et président du département d'ingénierie électrique de l'UCLA. Il est reconnu comme un chercheur hautement cité et est membre de la US National Academy of Engineering. Il est également membre de l'Académie mondiale des sciences et a été président de l'IEEE Signal Processing Society en 2018 et 2019.
Le professeur Sayed est auteur et co-auteur de plus de 570 publications et de six monographies. Ses recherches portent sur plusieurs domaines, dont les théories d'adaptation et d'apprentissage, les sciences des données et des réseaux, l'inférence statistique et les systèmes multi-agents, entre autres.
Ses travaux ont été récompensés par plusieurs prix importants, notamment le prix Fourier de l'IEEE (2022), le prix de la société Norbert Wiener (2020) et le prix de l'éducation (2015) de la société de traitement des signaux de l'IEEE, le prix Papoulis (2014) de l'Association européenne de traitement des signaux, le Meritorious Service Award (2013) et le prix de la réalisation technique (2012) de la société de traitement des signaux de l'IEEE, le prix Terman (2005) de la société américaine de formation des ingénieurs, le prix de conférencier émérite (2005) de la société de traitement des signaux de l'IEEE, le prix Koweït (2003) et le prix Donald G. Fink (1996) de l'IEEE. Ses publications ont été récompensées par plusieurs prix du meilleur article de l'IEEE (2002, 2005, 2012, 2014) et de l'EURASIP (2015). Pour finir, Ali H. Sayed est aussi membre de l'IEEE, d'EURASIP et de l'American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), l'éditeur de la revue Science.
Jacques RappazOriginaire de Neyruz-sur-Moudon (VD), Jacques Rappaz est né le 22 mars 1947. Après ses études primaires et secondaires à Lausanne, il étudie la physique, de 1964 à 1970, à l'Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Lausanne (EPUL et EPFL dès 1969) où il obtient son diplôme en janvier 1971. Il entreprend ensuite un travail de recherche en analyse numérique à l'EPFL. En avril 1976, il soutient une thèse consacrée à l'approximation spectrale d'opérateurs provenant de la physique des plasmas. De 1977 à 1980, il est boursier du Fonds National Suisse (FNS) et séjourne à Paris. A l'Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau et à l'Université Paris VI, il travaille sur l'approximation de problèmes non-linéaires provenant de la physique.De 1980 à 1985, il retourne à l'EPFL en tant que chercheur au FNS puis collaborateur scientifique du Professeur Jean Descloux. En 1983 il entreprend, en collaboration avec l'entreprise Alusuisse, des recherches sur la simulation numérique du procédé Hall-Héroult permettant la production de l'aluminium par électrolyse. Ces recherches ont débouché par la suite sur de nombreux projets en collaboration avec les compagnies Alcan, puis Péchiney et Rio Tinto. En 1985, Jacques Rappaz est nommé professeur ordinaire de mathématiques appliquées à l'Université de Neuchâtel qu'il quittera en octobre 1987 pour un poste de professeur ordinaire à l'EPFL. De 1983 à 2012 où il a pris sa retraite, Jacques Rappaz a enseigné de nombreux cours d'analyse et d'analyse numérique aux ingénieurs et aux mathématiciens de l'EPFL, de l’Université de Genève et de l'Université de Neuchâtel. Sa recherche concerne les aspects théoriques et pratiques de la résolution numérique des équations aux dérivées partielles. Il a participé à de nombreux projets de simulations numériques en collaboration avec les milieux industriels et/ou les départements d'ingénieurs de l'EPFL.
