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Concept
Homophone
Résumé
A homophone (ˈhɒməfoʊn,_ˈhoʊmə-) is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying extent) as another word but differs in meaning. A homophone may also differ in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, for example rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in rain, reign, and rein. The term homophone may also apply to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as another phrase, letter, or group of letters. Any unit with this property is said to be homophonous (həˈmɒfənəs).
Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs and homonyms, e.g. the word read, as in "He is well read" (he is very learned) vs. the sentence "I read that book" (I have finished reading that book).
Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs, e.g. to, too, and two.
"Homophone" derives from Greek homo- (ὁμο‐), "same", and phōnḗ (φωνή), "voice, utterance".
Homophones are often used to create puns and to deceive the reader (as in crossword puzzles) or to suggest multiple meanings. The last usage is common in poetry and creative literature. An example of this is seen in Dylan Thomas's radio play Under Milk Wood: "The shops in mourning" where mourning can be heard as mourning or morning. Another vivid example is Thomas Hood's use of birth and berth as well as told and toll'd (tolled) in his poem "Faithless Sally Brown":
His death, which happen'd in his berth,
At forty-odd befell:
They went and told the sexton, and
The sexton toll'd the bell.
In some accents, various sounds have merged in that they are no longer distinctive, and thus words that differ only by those sounds in an accent that maintains the distinction (a minimal pair) are homophonous in the accent with the merger.
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Concepts associés (17)
Abus de langage
La notion d’abus de langage est employée pour critiquer une expression verbale plus ou moins impropre dans sa sémantique, donnant une sensation que la langue est . On parle aussi de malapropisme ou d’impropriété. La notion connait une intersection avec celle de métonymie, et recouvre plus généralement le fait d’utiliser un mot à la place d’un autre. L’abus de langage diffère du barbarisme et du solécisme, qui sont des constructions incorrectes au regard des règles de la langue.
Homonym
In linguistics, homonyms are words which are either homographs – words that have the same spelling (regardless of pronunciation) – or homophones – words that have the same pronunciation (regardless of spelling) –, or both. Using this definition, the words row (propel with oars), row (a linear arrangement) and row (an argument) are homonyms because they are homographs (though only the first two are homophones): so are the words see (vision) and sea (body of water), because they are homophones (though not homographs).
Homographe
En linguistique, des mots homographes sont des mots qui s'écrivent de la même manière, tout en se prononçant ou non de façon différente. S'ils se prononcent de la même façon, ils sont alors également homophones. Homographes comme homophones font partie de la famille des homonymes. Le contraire de l'homographie est l'hétérographie. Certains mots homographes se distinguent dans leur prononciation uniquement par la position de l'accent tonique.