Scandale EnronLe scandale Enron, ou affaire Enron, est un cas de fraude et de manipulation financière découvert en 2001, qui s’est soldé par la faillite de l’entreprise Enron, un temps septième capitalisation des États-Unis, et par le démantèlement et la disparition de facto de son auditeur Andersen. Il s'agit à l'époque de la plus grande faillite de l'histoire américaine (à côté de la faillite scandaleuse d'une autre grande entreprise américaine WorldCom à peu près à la même époque et pour des raisons similaires).
Valuation riskValuation risk is the risk that an entity suffers a loss when trading an asset or a liability due to a difference between the accounting value and the price effectively obtained in the trade. In other words, valuation risk is the uncertainty about the difference between the value reported in the balance sheet for an asset or a liability and the price that the entity could obtain if it effectively sold the asset or transferred the liability (the so-called "exit price").
Fuel price risk managementFuel price risk management, a specialization of both financial risk management and oil price analysis and similar to conventional risk management practice, is a continual cyclic process that includes risk assessment, risk decision making and the implementation of risk controls. It focuses primarily on when and how an organization can best hedge against exposure to fuel price volatility. It is generally referred to as "bunker hedging" in marine and shipping contexts and "fuel hedging" in aviation and trucking contexts.
Risque opérationnel (établissement financier)Le risque opérationnel pour les établissements financiers (banque et assurance) est le risque de pertes directes ou indirectes dues à une inadéquation ou à une défaillance des procédures de l'établissement (analyse ou contrôle absent ou incomplet, procédure non sécurisée), de son personnel (erreur, malveillance et fraude), des systèmes internes (panne de l'informatique...), des risques externes (inondation, incendie...) ou émergents.
Managerial risk accountingManagerial Risk Accounting is concerned with the generation, dissemination and use of risk related accounting information to managers within organisations to enable them to judge and shape the risk situation of the organisation according to the objectives of the organisation. As a part of the management accounting system and function, managerial risk accounting has the following two main purposes: decision-facilitating or decisions-making decision-influencing or stewardship These purposes are achieved by providing respectively relevant information to improve the ability and willingness of the employees to achieve the organisations’s goals and objectives.
Risk parityRisk parity (or risk premia parity) is an approach to investment management which focuses on allocation of risk, usually defined as volatility, rather than allocation of capital. The risk parity approach asserts that when asset allocations are adjusted (leveraged or deleveraged) to the same risk level, the risk parity portfolio can achieve a higher Sharpe ratio and can be more resistant to market downturns than the traditional portfolio.
Dérivé de créditUn dérivé de crédit est un produit financier à terme visant à transférer le risque de crédit d'un actif d'une contrepartie "acheteuse de protection" vers une contrepartie "vendeuse de protection" en échange d'une rétribution financière. La protection pourra être exercée lors de l'occurrence d'un événement de crédit sur l'actif sous-jacent du dérivé de crédit. Il existe de nombreux produits dérivés de crédit, du plus simple (CDS single name) au plus complexe (CDO of CDO).
Risk–return spectrumThe risk–return spectrum (also called the risk–return tradeoff or risk–reward) is the relationship between the amount of return gained on an investment and the amount of risk undertaken in that investment. The more return sought, the more risk that must be undertaken. There are various classes of possible investments, each with their own positions on the overall risk-return spectrum. The general progression is: short-term debt; long-term debt; property; high-yield debt; equity.
Aswath DamodaranAswath Damodaran, né en septembre 1957, est un professeur de finance à la Stern School of Business de l'université de New York, où il enseigne la finance d'entreprise et l'évaluation des actions. Il est surtout connu comme l'auteur de plusieurs publications universitaires faisant référence sur la valorisation, la finance d'entreprise et la gestion des investissements. Celles-ci font qu'il est parfois surnommé le . Il fournit également des données fondamentales complètes et régulièrement mises à jour à des fins d'évaluation.
Downside riskDownside risk is the financial risk associated with losses. That is, it is the risk of the actual return being below the expected return, or the uncertainty about the magnitude of that difference. Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk can be measured either with downside beta or by measuring lower semi-deviation.
