Politique publique | EPFL Graph Search

Une politique publique est une intervention de l'État ou d'une autre autorité publique (banque centrale, collectivité territoriale, ...) afin d'avoir un effet sur la société ou un territoire. Les politiques publiques sont la modalité d'action de la puissance publique. Concept Jean-Claude Thoenig définit les politiques publiques comme les . Le terme prend un sens différent selon la discipline qui l'utilise. Ainsi, en sociologie politique, la politique publique est analysée par ses acteurs, par les étapes de sa mise en place, ainsi qu'à travers ses conséquences (il est alors question de ) ; la science administrative, elle, tend à analyser et à évaluer une politique publique en fonction de sa capacité à atteindre les objectifs qui lui ont été assignés, ainsi qu'en fonction de l'efficacité des moyens déployés. Dans ce cadre, les politiques publiques peuvent également être décrites comme . Étudier leur impact permet de décrire la capacité qu'a une puissance publique à gérer les

Environmental policies: designing acceptable road pricing and voluntary waste sorting schemes

Linda Melina Tesauro

Growing urban population implies many challenges for the municipalities in terms of mobility, housing, waste management or infrastructures. Public policies are thus needed to ensure a sustainable development. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze different environmental policies in the domain of mobility and waste management in order to help municipalities in designing more efficient measures.Firstly, Chapter 2 focuses on traffic congestion and in particular the acceptability of a congestion charge. We design a large survey with different plausible schemes for the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland and assess their acceptability with a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Results show that public support depends crucially on the policy design and the information provided. We find an important demand for exemptions and a preference for constant pricing. This implies a clear trade-off between efficiency and acceptability. However, the gap can be partly closed by information provision. Analyzing heterogeneity, we observe that preferences vary according to personal characteristics, especially where people live and how they commute.Chapter 3 analyzes the determinants of households' municipal waste sorting. We design a survey to investigate households' sorting motivation and use a DCE to assess households' waste sorting scheme preferences in the Canton of Geneva. We observe that households' waste sorting depends on personal characteristics such as sensitivity to the environment, guilty conscience or information level. However, it is the satisfaction with the existing sorting scheme that increases most the probability to sort waste. Our results show clear preferences for better infrastructures, but with thresholds. Interestingly, the best infrastructures and services are not always needed. By looking at heterogeneity and linking personal beliefs and characteristics with preferences, we find different groups sorting a similar number of categories, but with different underlying mechanisms like a lack of knowledge or a need for more convenient infrastructures and services.To complement our analysis on voluntary policies and in particular on the effectiveness of convenient infrastructures, Chapter 4 assesses a new voluntary environmental policy implemented in the Canton of Geneva and compares the results with a bag tax, a monetary incentive policy introduced in the neighboring canton, Vaud. The voluntary policy consists of the distribution to households of specific bins for organic waste to increase the sorting rate and decrease the amount of unsorted waste. We use a difference-in-differences methodology to assess the causal impact of the policy on organic waste as well as on overall waste generation. We find that the introduction of the voluntary policy increases significantly the proportion of households sorting organic waste. Interestingly, we observe some positive spillover effects on other waste sorted. By comparing the voluntary policy in the Canton of Geneva and the bag tax in the Canton of Vaud, we find similar effects on organic waste sorting. However, the impact of the voluntary policy is smaller on unsorted waste than the short-term effect of the bag tax.In conclusion, we show that price is not the only factor to consider in environmental policies. More stringent policies can be acceptable if well designed. Furthermore, the power of non-monetary incentives should not be underestimated.

EPFL2022

What are the right land supply policies for housing in the Geneva trans-frontier conurbation?

Michèle Tranda-Pittion

For decades the trans-frontier conurbation of Geneva has suffered from a recurring housing shortage, and the supply of land has been clearly recognized by local professionals as one of the main factors in a resolution of this problem. The cross-boundary nature of the study area presents a dual interest. On the one hand, the three existing political and administrative systems constitute a relatively diverse range of situations and the complexity of the context - one conurbation, 220 communes, but three states (France, Canton Geneva and Canton Vaud) has led some stakeholders to consider it as a laboratory for experiments in terms of working methods with consultations and research conducted in parallel with the application of different operational approaches. The work discussed concludes by noting some key points that could help integrate land supply into the processes of urban production and with other factors that affect feasibility; its careful coordination with other relevant public policies; the establishment of time frames relevant to different stages of implementation and an approach that connects land policies, urban planning and infrastructure provision within a framework resulting in financial feasibility.

2010

The Impact of Environmental Subsidy on Adoption and R&D Environmental Investment

Marianna Marino, Claudia Pellegrin

This article is an empirical evaluation of the effects of a public environmental subsidy for technology adoption on environmental adoption (direct effect) and R&D investment (indirect effect), in a sample of Dutch non-service private companies over the 2006-2009 period. Combining information from surveys on the firm production and environmental costs, and by means of a continuous treatment matching approach, we are able to identify, for several subsidy amounts, whether an increase in such amounts may raise the levels or first differences in environmental technology adoption and R&D investment. We find negligible or significant crowding-out effects for both types of environmental investment, when controlling for firm invariant unobservables. Thus, our findings appear to suggest a serious re-modulation of the public policy tool under analysis, in terms of both the amounts provided and the firms targeted.

EPFL2016

Environmental policies: designing acceptable road pricing and voluntary waste sorting schemes

Linda Melina Tesauro

EPFL2022