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Concept
Electric vehicle battery
Résumé
An electric vehicle battery (EVB, also known as a traction battery) is a rechargeable battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
Electric vehicle batteries differ from starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries, as they are typically lithium-ion batteries that are designed for high power-to-weight ratio and energy density. Smaller, lighter batteries are desirable because they reduce the weight of the vehicle and therefore improve its performance. Compared to liquid fuels, most current battery technologies have much lower specific energy, and this often impacts the maximum range of all-electric vehicles. Unlike earlier battery chemistries, notably nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion batteries can be discharged and recharged daily and at any state of charge. Other types of rechargeable batteries used in electric vehicles include lead–acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, and others.
The battery makes up a significant portion of the cost and environmental impact of an electric vehicle. Growth in the industry has generated interest in securing ethical battery supply chains, which presents many challenges and has become an important geopolitical issue. , the cost of electric vehicle batteries has fallen 87% since 2010 on a per kilowatt-hour basis. As of 2018, vehicles with over of all-electric range, such as the Tesla Model S, are available.
The price of electricity to run an electric vehicle is a small fraction of the cost of fuel for equivalent internal combustion engines, reflecting higher energy efficiency. (Generic statement- fuel and electricity prices vary globally as does vehicle size and demand -source?)
rechargeable battery
Lead–acid battery
Flooded lead-acid batteries are the oldest, cheapest, and, in the past, most common vehicle batteries available. There are two main types of lead-acid batteries: automobile engine starter batteries, and deep cycle batteries.
Source officielle
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