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Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in urine. Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Diagnosis is by urinalysis or urine culture. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium found. People without symptoms should generally not be tested for the condition. Differential diagnosis include contamination. If symptoms are present, treatment is generally with antibiotics. Bacteriuria without symptoms generally does not require treatment. Exceptions may include pregnant women, those who have had a recent kidney transplant, young children with significant vesicoureteral reflux, and those undergoing surgery of the urinary tract. Bacteriuria without symptoms is present in about 3% of otherwise healthy middle aged women. In nursing homes rates are as high as 50% among women and 40% in men. In those with a long term indwelling urinary catheter rates are 100%. Up to 10% of women have a urinary tract infection in a given year and half of all women have at least one infection at some point in their lives. There is an increased risk of asymptomatic or symptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy due to physiological changes that occur in a pregnant women which promotes unwanted pathogen growth in the urinary tract. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria without accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection and is commonly caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli. Other potential pathogens are Klebsiella spp., and group B streptococci. It is more common in women, in the elderly, in residents of long-term care facilities, and in people with diabetes, bladder catheters, and spinal cord injuries. People with a long-term Foley catheter always show bacteriuria. Chronic asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in as many as 50% of the population in long-term care. There is an association between asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women with low birth weight, preterm delivery, cystitis, infection of the newborn and fetus death. However, most of these studies were graded as poor quality.

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Publications associées (7)

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Concepts associés (8)

Pyélonéphrite aiguë

La pyélonéphrite aiguë (PNA, du grec πυελος, « bassin », et νεφριτις, « maladie des reins ») est une infection urinaire d'origine majoritairement bactérienne touchant le parenchyme d'un des reins et le bassinet sous-jacent. Le plus souvent, le germe en cause atteint ce site anatomique en remontant les voies urinaires ; la principale bactérie responsable est Escherichia coli. La femme adulte est plus à risque que l'homme. Les signes cliniques associent typiquement des signes urinaires discrets, une fièvre, une douleur sur un des côtés du bas du dos, et parfois des troubles digestifs.

Bandelette urinaire

Une bandelette urinaire ou tigette urinaire sert à réaliser des analyses médicales rapides permettant le dépistage de certains problèmes de santé, dont les infections des voies urinaires, la jaunisse, ou certains problèmes rénaux. La bandelette urinaire réactive immergée brièvement dans l'urine est lue par le praticien ou le particulier en la comparant à une échelle colorimétrique. Selon le type de réactifs, elle permet de déterminer le pH et de rechercher la présence dans les urines de glucose, de corps cétoniques, de leucocytes, de nitrites, de protéines, de sang, d'urobilinogène et de bilirubine.

Pyurie

Pyuria is the condition of urine containing white blood cells or pus. Defined as the presence of 6-10 or more neutrophils per high power field of unspun, voided mid-stream urine, it can be a sign of a bacterial urinary tract infection. Pyuria may be present in people with sepsis, or in older people with pneumonia. Others additionally require discoloration, clouding or change in the smell of urine for a pyuria to be present. Without these additional features, there is said to be leukocyturia.

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