Proof of space (PoS) is a type of consensus algorithm achieved by demonstrating one's legitimate interest in a service (such as sending an email) by allocating a non-trivial amount of memory or disk space to solve a challenge presented by the service provider. The concept was formulated in 2013 by Dziembowski et al. and (with a different formulation) by Ateniese et al.. Proofs of space are very similar to proofs of work (PoW), except that instead of computation, storage is used to earn cryptocurrency.
Dans un système de monnaie numérique, la double dépense (en anglais, double-spending) est un acte frauduleux dans lequel le même jeton numérique est dépensé plus d'une fois. Contrairement à la monnaie physique, un jeton numérique consiste en une chaîne de signatures numériques qui peut être dupliquée ou falsifiée. Comme dans le cas de la fausse monnaie, cette double dépense mène à l'inflation en créant une nouvelle quantité de monnaie qui n'existait pas auparavant.
In the context of cryptocurrency mining, a mining pool is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their processing power over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a block. A "share" is awarded to members of the mining pool who present a valid partial proof-of-work. Mining in pools began when the difficulty for mining increased to the point where it could take centuries for slower miners to generate a block.
Proof of authority (PoA) is an algorithm used with blockchains that delivers comparatively fast transactions through a consensus mechanism based on identity as a stake. The most notable platforms using PoA are VeChain, Bitgert, Palm Network and Xodex. In PoA-based networks, transactions and blocks are validated by approved accounts, known as validators. Validators run software allowing them to put transactions in blocks. The process is automated and does not require validators to be constantly monitoring their computers.
Proof of personhood (PoP) is a means of resisting malicious attacks on peer to peer networks, particularly, attacks that utilize multiple fake identities, otherwise known as a Sybil attack. Decentralized online platforms are particularly vulnerable to such attacks by their very nature, as notionally democratic and responsive to large voting blocks. PoP is a resistance method for permissionless consensus, in which each unique human participant obtains one equal unit of voting power and associated rewards.
Cardano est une blockchain open source, ainsi qu'une plateforme permettant d’exécuter des contrats intelligents . La cryptomonnaie interne de Cardano s'appelle Ada. Ce projet est dirigé par Charles Hoskinson, co-créateur d'Ethereum. Le développement du projet est supervisé par la Fondation Cardano basée à Zoug, en Suisse. Cardano est considéré par certains comme la synthèse de Bitcoin et d'Ethereum, et vise en plus à être neutre en carbone. Elle est la troisième cryptomonnaie au niveau de sa capitalisation, en date du , après Bitcoin, et Ethereum.
