An indirect tax (such as sales tax, per unit tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST), excise, consumption tax, tariff) is a tax that is levied upon goods and services before they reach the customer who ultimately pays the indirect tax as a part of market price of the good or service purchased. Alternatively, if the entity who pays taxes to the tax collecting authority does not suffer a corresponding reduction in income, i.e., impact and tax incidence are not on the same entity meaning that tax can be shifted or passed on, then the tax is indirect.
An indirect tax is collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person (such as the consumer) who pays the tax included in the price of a purchased good. The intermediary later files a tax return and forwards the tax proceeds to government with the return. In this sense, the term indirect tax is contrasted with a direct tax, which is collected directly by government from the persons (legal or natural) on whom it is imposed. Some commentators have argued that "a direct tax is one that cannot be charged by the taxpayer to someone else, whereas an indirect tax can be."
Indirect taxes constitute a significant proportion of total tax revenue raised by the government. Data published by OECD show that the average indirect tax share of total tax revenue for all member countries in 2018 was 32.7% with standard deviation 7.9%. The member country with the highest share was Chile with 53.2% and at the other end was USA with 17.6%. The general trend in direct vs indirect tax ratio in total tax revenue over past decades in developed countries shows an increase in direct tax share of total tax revenue. Although this trend is also observed in developing countries, the trend is less pronounced there than in developed countries.
Indirect taxes have several uses, the most prominent one (same as for direct taxes) is to raise government revenue. Sales tax and value added tax (VAT) play the major role in this, with VAT being more commonly used around the world.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Explore les méthodes de mesure directe et indirecte dans l'optique tissulaire, mettant en évidence les défis et les techniques utilisés pour les mesures in vivo.
This course will provide students with a basic knowledge of law. After an introduction to the law, aspects of tax law, environmental law, contract law, data protection or IP law will be offered, as we
This course provides students with a working knowledge of macroeconomic models that explicitly incorporate financial markets. The goal is to develop a broad and analytical framework for analyzing the
The course allows students to get familiarized with the basic tools and concepts of modern microeconomic analysis. Based on graphical reasoning and analytical calculus, it constantly links to real eco
Le droit d’accise est un impôt indirect perçu sur la consommation, parfois aussi le seul commerce de certains produits, en particulier le tabac, l'alcool et le pétrole et ses dérivés. L’accise (prononcé \ak.siz) est une taxe qui porte sur une quantité et non sur une valeur : ainsi la taxe sur les alcools consiste à prélever n euros par hectolitre d'alcool vendu. Au contraire, une taxe ad valorem porte sur la valeur d’un bien ou d'un service, comme la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA).
Les finances publiques sont l'étude des règles et des opérations relatives aux deniers publics. Selon le critère organique, les finances publiques peuvent aussi être présentées comme l’ensemble des règles gouvernant les finances de l’État, des collectivités territoriales, des organismes de sécurité sociale, des établissements publics et de toutes autres personnes morales de droit public. C'est un champ à la croisée du droit budgétaire, du droit fiscal, du droit constitutionnel, de la science administrative (en tant que management public), ainsi que de la comptabilité publique.
Un impôt direct est un impôt dû nominativement par une personne physique ou une personne morale. Taxant le capital ou le revenu, il est périodique et fait généralement l'objet d'un recouvrement par voie de rôle. Il se distingue donc d'un impôt indirect, prélevé à l'occasion d'opérations précises et indépendamment de la personne. La fiscalité directe est généralement déclarative (établie soit par l'intéressé ou par un tiers, en son nom en cas de prélèvement à la source). L'impôt direct est réputé supporté et payé par la même personne.
This paper studies the effects of fiscal policy on net exports, the terms of trade and expenditure switching. Using data on government spending and consumption taxes for twelve euro area countries over 1996 to 2018, it shows that fiscal austerity shocks im ...
2020
, ,
Traditional competitive markets do not account for negative externalities; indirect costs that some participants impose on others, such as the cost of over-appropriating a common-pool resource (which diminishes future stock, and thus harvest, for everyone) ...
Cornell University2023
Cuts to government spending rather than increases in consumption taxes are statistically associated with internal devaluations in the euro area during the period 2010-2014. Countries that cut spending experienced a decline in nominal wages, rising net expo ...