Sepsis

Résumé

Le Sepsis (du grec ancien « putréfaction »), anciennement appelé septicémie, est un terme médical qui désigne toute . Cette réponse potentiellement mortelle survient lorsque la réaction de l'hôte à l'infection, l'inflammation systémique et grave de l'organisme, cause des lésions à ses propres tissus et organes. Elle s'accompagne d'un choc cytokinique. Il était anciennement désigné par le terme de septicémie, signifiant aussi et littéralement « infection du sang » ; utilisé pour la première fois par le médecin français Pierre Adolphe Piorry. Depuis 2016, le sepsis est défini comme un dysfonctionnement d'organe secondaire à une réponse inappropriée de l'hôte envers une infection. Un sepsis peut se développer à partir de n'importe quelle infection systémique sévère. La majorité des germes responsables proviennent du tube digestif. Ce sepsis peut être provoqué par un grand nombre de pathogènes, tels que les Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis, des

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

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Exome Sequencing Reveals Primary Immunodeficiencies in Children with Community-Acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis

Samira Asgari, Istvan Bartha, Christoph Berger, Jacques Fellay, Richard Wong

One out of three pediatric sepsis deaths in high income countries occur in previously healthy children. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been postulated to underlie fulminant sepsis, but this concept remains to be confirmed in clinical practice. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) is a common bacterium mostly associated with health care-related infections in immunocompromised individuals. However, in rare cases, it can cause sepsis in previously healthy children. We used exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to systematically search for genetic factors underpinning severe P. aeruginosa infection in the pediatric population. We collected blood samples from 11 previously healthy children, with no family history of immunodeficiency, who presented with severe sepsis due to community-acquired P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood or tissue samples obtained intravitam or postmortem. We obtained high-coverage exome sequencing data and searched for rare loss-of-function variants. After rigorous filtrations, 12 potentially causal variants were identified. Two out of eight (25%) fatal cases were found to carry novel pathogenic variants in PID genes, including BTK and DNMT3B. This study demonstrates that exome sequencing allows to identify rare, deleterious human genetic variants responsible for fulminant sepsis in apparently healthy children. Diagnosing PIDs in such patients is of high relevance to survivors and affected families. We propose that unusually severe and fatal sepsis cases in previously healthy children should be considered for exome/genome sequencing to search for underlying PIDs.

Frontiers Media Sa2016

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, ,

We present in this work, first time in literature, a voltammetric label-free biosensor for detection of alpha lactalbumin (alpha-LB) in meal samples. Food allergy concern necessitates strict regulations in food labelling and innovative monitoring strategies for prevention of sepsis-related death. As major food allergens, dietary samples often contain whey proteins, including alpha-LB as one of the key allergenic. Available detection methods for alpha-LB are based on successive labelling steps and hence have long assay times with limited sensitivity. The new detection method presented here is based on capturing of alpha-LB via entrapped alpha-LB antibody (alpha-LB-Ab) through electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) and then measuring the conductivity decrease by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This new label-free voltammetric biosensor for alpha-LB exhibits the best limit of detection (0.19 fg/mL) published so far in literature, with high selectivity and capability to quantify alpha-LB in real milk samples too.

2020

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y Sepsis is a condition characterized by a severe stage of blood-infection often leading to tissue damage, organ failure and finally death. Fast diagnosis and identification of the sepsis stage (sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock) is critical for the patient's evolution and could help in defining the most adequate treatment in order to reduce its mortality. The combined detection of several biomarkers in a timely, specific and simultaneous way could ensure a more accurate diagnosis. We have designed a new optical point-of-care (POC) device based on a phase-sensitive interferometric biosensor with a label-free microarray configuration for potential high-throughput evaluation of specific sepsis biomarkers. The sensor chip, which relies on the use of metallic nanostructures, provides versatility in terms of biofunctionalization, allowing the efficient immobilization of different kind of receptors such as antibodies or oligonucleotides. We have focused on two structurally different types of biomarkers: proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL6), and miRNAs, using miRNA-16 as an example. Limits of Detection (LoD) of 18 mu g mL(-1), 88 mu g mL(-1) and 1 mM (6 mu g mL(-1)) have been respectively obtained for CRP, IL6 and miRNA-16 in individual assays, with high accuracy and reproducibility. The multiplexing capabilities have also been assessed with the simultaneous analysis of both protein biomarkers. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV2019

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