In physics, Albert Einstein derived the theory of special relativity in 1905 from principle now called the postulates of special relativity. Einstein's formulation is said to only require two postulates, though his derivation implies a few more assumptions.
The idea that special relativity depended only on two postulates, both of which seemed to be follow from the theory and experiment of the day, was one of the most compelling arguments for the correctness of the theory (Einstein 1912: "This theory is correct to the extent to which the two principles upon which it is based are correct. Since these seem to be correct to a great extent, ...")
First postulate (principle of relativity)
The laws of physics take the same form in all inertial frames of reference.
Second postulate (invariance of c)
As measured in any inertial frame of reference, light is always propagated in empty space with a definite velocity c that is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body. Or: the speed of light in free space has the same value c in all inertial frames of reference.
The two-postulate basis for special relativity is the one historically used by Einstein, and it is sometimes the starting point today. As Einstein himself later acknowledged, the derivation of the Lorentz transformation tacitly makes use of some additional assumptions, including spatial homogeneity, isotropy, and memorylessness. Also Hermann Minkowski implicitly used both postulates when he introduced the Minkowski space formulation, even though he showed that c can be seen as a space-time constant, and the identification with the speed of light is derived from optics.
Alternative formulations of special relativity
Historically, Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré (1892–1905) derived the Lorentz transformation from Maxwell's equations, which served to explain the negative result of all aether drift measurements. By that the luminiferous aether becomes undetectable in agreement with what Poincaré called the principle of relativity (see History of Lorentz transformations and Lorentz ether theory).
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
L’histoire de la relativité restreinte décrit le développement de propositions et constatations empiriques et conceptuelles, au sein de la physique théorique, qui ont permis d’aboutir à une nouvelle compréhension de l’espace et du temps. Cette théorie, nommée « relativité restreinte », se distingue des travaux ultérieurs d'Albert Einstein, appelés « relativité générale ». Dans ses Principia mathematica, publiés pour la première fois en 1687 et qui influencent la physique pendant 200 ans, Isaac Newton postule les notions d'espace et de temps absolus et pose la théorie corpusculaire de la lumière.
In physics, Albert Einstein derived the theory of special relativity in 1905 from principle now called the postulates of special relativity. Einstein's formulation is said to only require two postulates, though his derivation implies a few more assumptions. The idea that special relativity depended only on two postulates, both of which seemed to be follow from the theory and experiment of the day, was one of the most compelling arguments for the correctness of the theory (Einstein 1912: "This theory is correct to the extent to which the two principles upon which it is based are correct.
La théorie de l'éther de Lorentz (également connue sous les appellations de « nouvelle mécanique », « électrodynamique de Lorentz », « théorie des électrons de Lorentz », « théorie de la relativité de Lorentz-Poincaré », en anglais : Lorentz ether theory, abrégé en LET) est le point final du développement du modèle de l'éther luminifère, milieu dans lequel des ondes lumineuses se propagent comme des ondes se propagent sur l’eau ou comme les ondes sonores dans la matière.
Students acquire the abilities to analyze physical systems through the lens of thermodynamics, statistical physics, and special relativity.
Students acquire the abilities to analyze physical systems through the lens of thermodynamics, statistical physics, and special relativity.
Le but du cours de Physique générale est de donner à l'étudiant les notions de base nécessaires à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques. L'objectif est atteint lorsque l'étudiant est capable de pr
Couvre l'électrodynamique classique, en soulignant l'importance d'assister à des sessions en direct, la nature mathématique du cours, et les sujets à venir sur les équations de Maxwell et la relativité restreinte.