Concept
Sens propre et sens figuré
Concepts associés (6)
Connotation
A connotation is a commonly understood cultural or emotional association that any given word or phrase carries, in addition to its explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation. A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regard to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed; although these have the same literal meaning (stubborn), strong-willed connotes admiration for the level of someone's will (a positive connotation), while pig-headed connotes frustration in dealing with someone (a negative connotation).
Trope (literature)
A literary trope is the use of figurative language, via word, phrase or an image, for artistic effect such as using a figure of speech. Keith and Lundburg describe a trope as "a substitution of a word or phrase by a less literal word or phrase." The word trope has also undergone a semantic change and now also describes commonly recurring or overused literary and rhetorical devices, motifs or clichés in creative works. Literary tropes span almost every category of writing, such as poetry, film, plays, and video games.
Code (semiotics)
In semiotics, a code is a set of cultural conventions, contemporary sub-codes, and themes used to communicate meaning. The most common is one's spoken language, but the term can also be used to refer to any narrative form: consider the color scheme of an image (e.g. red for danger), or the rules of a board game (e.g. the military signifiers in chess). Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) emphasised that signs only acquire meaning and value when they are interpreted in relation to each other.
Proverbe
Un proverbe est une formule langagière de portée générale contenant une morale, une expression de sagesse populaire ou une vérité d’expérience que l’on juge utile de rappeler. Il n’est pas attribué à un auteur, (contrairement à la citation ou l’apophtegme) : les proverbes sont souvent très anciens, d'origine populaire et par conséquent de transmission orale. Ils servent d’argument d’autorité. Leur utilisation dans le cadre d’une argumentation peut donc atteindre au sophisme.
Figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from ordinary language use in order to produce a rhetorical effect. Figures of speech are traditionally classified into schemes, which vary the ordinary sequence of words, and tropes, where words carry a meaning other than what they ordinarily signify. An example of a scheme is a polysyndeton: the repetition of a conjunction before every element in a list, whereas the conjunction typically would appear only before the last element, as in "Lions and tigers and bears, oh my!"—emphasizing the danger and number of animals more than the prosaic wording with only the second "and".
Métaphore
thumb| La métaphore, du latin metaphora, lui-même du grec ancien μεταφορά (metaphorá, au sens propre, transport), est une figure de style fondée sur l'analogie. Elle désigne une chose par une autre qui lui ressemble ou partage avec elle une qualité essentielle. La métaphore est différente d'une comparaison ; la comparaison affirme une similitude : « La lune ressemble à une faucille » ; tandis que la métaphore la laisse deviner, comme quand Victor Hugo écrit Le contexte est nécessaire à la compréhension de la métaphore.