Rig-Védathumb|Manuscrit du Rig-Véda en devanāgarī (début du ). Le Rig-Veda ou Ṛgveda (devanāgarī : sa, en IAST Ṛgveda) est une collection d'hymnes (sūkta) sacrés ou encore d'hymnes de louanges de l'Inde antique composés en sanskrit védique. Il fait partie des quatre grands textes canoniques (Śruti) de l'hindouisme qui sont connus sous le nom de Veda. C'est l'un des plus anciens textes existant en langue indo-européenne. Sa composition remonte entre 1500 et 900 selon les indologues, les philologues et les linguistes.
Écriture guptaThe Gupta script (sometimes referred to as Gupta Brahmi script or Late Brahmi script) was used for writing Sanskrit and is associated with the Gupta Empire of the Indian subcontinent, which was a period of material prosperity and great religious and scientific developments. The Gupta script was descended from Brāhmī and gave rise to the Śāradā and Siddhaṃ scripts.
Bhaiksuki scriptBhaiksuki (Sanskrit: भैक्षुकी, Bhaiksuki: ) is a Brahmi-based script that was used around the 11th and 12th centuries CE. It used to be known in English as the "Arrow-Headed Script" or "Point-Headed Script," while an older designation, "Sindhura," had been used in Tibet for at least three centuries. Records showing usage of the script mainly appeared in the present-day states of Bihar and West Bengal in India, and in regions of Bangladesh. Records have also been located in Tibet, Nepal, and Burma.
CachemirisLes Cachemiris (en cachemiri : کٲشِرؠ [kəːʃirj]) sont un groupe ethnolinguistique originaire de la région de la vallée du Cachemire, dans l'État indien du Jammu-et-Cachemire. La langue des Cachemiris est le cachemiri, une langue indo-aryenne issu des langues dardes. La majorité des Cachemiris vivent dans la vallée du Cachemire Originaire de la vallée du Cachemire, de petits groupes de population de Cachemiris vivent dans les autres district du Jammu-et-Cachemire.
Lipi (script)Lipi (लिपि) means 'writing, letters, alphabet', and contextually refers to scripts, the art or manner of writing, or in modified form such as lipī (लिपी) to painting, decorating or anointing a surface to express something. The term lipi appears in multiple texts of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, some of which have been dated to the 1st millennium BCE. Section 3.2.21 of Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī, composed before the mid 4th century BCE, for example, mentions lipi in the context of writing.
Khojki scriptKhojkī, Khojakī, or Khwājā Sindhī (خوجڪي (Arabic script) खोजकी (Devanagari)), is a script used formerly and almost exclusively by the Khoja community of parts of the Indian subcontinent, including Sindh, Gujarat, and Punjab. However, this script also had a further reach and was used by members of Ismaili communities from Burma to East and South Africa. The name "Khojki" is likely derived from the Persian word khoja, which means "master", or "lord".
Écritures brahmiquesThe Brahmic scripts, also known as Indic scripts, are a family of abugida writing systems. They are used throughout the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and parts of East Asia. They are descended from the Brahmi script of ancient India and are used by various languages in several language families in South, East and Southeast Asia: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolic, Austroasiatic, Austronesian, and Tai. They were also the source of the dictionary order (gojūon) of Japanese kana.
GurmukhiLa gourmoukhî ou gurmukhi (pa ɡʊɾmʊkhi) est l'alphasyllabaire le plus utilisé en Inde pour écrire le pendjabi. Elle est dérivée de l'écriture landa et a été fixée par le deuxième guru sikh, Angad, au . Le Guru Granth Sahib, livre saint du sikhisme, est entièrement écrit en gurmukhi. Le nom « gurmukhi » vient du pendjabi « gurumukhī » signifiant « de la bouche du Guru ». L'alphasyllabaire moderne compte 41 consonnes (vianjan), 9 symboles de voyelles (lāga mātrā), 2 symboles de nasalisation (bindī et ṭippī) et un symbole doublant le son d'une consonne (addak).
Arabic scriptThe Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin alphabet), the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it or a script directly derived from it, and the third-most by number of users (after the Latin and Chinese scripts). The script was first used to write texts in Arabic, most notably the Quran, the holy book of Islam.
Alphabet araméenL'alphabet araméen est un ancien alphabet consonantique. Cet alphabet est historiquement important car quasiment tous les alphabets moyen-orientaux modernes en descendent, ainsi que de nombreuses écritures non chinoises d'Asie du Centre et de l'Est, du fait de l'usage répandu de l'araméen comme langue véhiculaire et langue officielle de l'Empire néo-assyrien et de l'Empire achéménide. Parmi les écritures contemporaines, l'alphabet hébreu est le plus proche de l'alphabet araméen impérial du , comportant les mêmes lettres et, pour la majeure partie, des formes identiques.
