The Phong reflection model (also called Phong illumination or Phong lighting) is an empirical model of the local illumination of points on a surface designed by the computer graphics researcher Bui Tuong Phong. In 3D computer graphics, it is sometimes referred to as "Phong shading", particularly if the model is used with the interpolation method of the same name and in the context of pixel shaders or other places where a lighting calculation can be referred to as “shading”.
The Phong reflection model was developed by Bui Tuong Phong at the University of Utah, who published it in his 1975 Ph.D. dissertation. It was published in conjunction with a method for interpolating the calculation for each individual pixel that is rasterized from a polygonal surface model; the interpolation technique is known as Phong shading, even when it is used with a reflection model other than Phong's. Phong's methods were considered radical at the time of their introduction, but have since become the de facto baseline shading method for many rendering applications. Phong's methods have proven popular due to their generally efficient use of computation time per rendered pixel.
Phong reflection is an empirical model of local illumination. It describes the way a surface reflects light as a combination of the diffuse reflection of rough surfaces with the specular reflection of shiny surfaces. It is based on Phong's informal observation that shiny surfaces have small intense specular highlights, while dull surfaces have large highlights that fall off more gradually. The model also includes an ambient term to account for the small amount of light that is scattered about the entire scene.
For each light source in the scene, components and are defined as the intensities (often as RGB values) of the specular and diffuse components of the light sources, respectively. A single term controls the ambient lighting; it is sometimes computed as a sum of contributions from all light sources.
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Le terme ombrage de Phong désigne à la fois le modèle d'illumination de Phong et linterpolation de Phong, deux algorithmes de traitement 3D en infographie. Tous les deux furent développés par Bui Tuong Phong et publiés en 1973. L'illumination de Phong est un modèle local, c'est-à-dire que le calcul se fait en chaque point. Ce modèle empirique n'a rien d'exact, mais permet de calculer de manière crédible la lumière réfléchie par le point étudié, pour cela il combine trois éléments : la lumière ambiante, la lumière diffuse (modèle lambertien) et la lumière spéculaire (voir Réflexion optique).
L'infographie est le domaine de la création d' assistée par ordinateur. Cette activité est liée aux arts graphiques. Les études les plus courantes passent par les écoles publiques ou privées se situant majoritairement en Angleterre, en Belgique, au Canada, en France, et aux États-Unis. Lors de l'introduction du concept dans la langue française vers les années 1970, le terme « infographie » désigne les graphismes produits par ordinateur.
Shading refers to the depiction of depth perception in 3D models (within the field of 3D computer graphics) or illustrations (in visual art) by varying the level of darkness. Shading tries to approximate local behavior of light on the object's surface and is not to be confused with techniques of adding shadows, such as shadow mapping or shadow volumes, which fall under global behavior of light. Shading is used traditionally in drawing for depicting a range of darkness by applying media more densely or with a darker shade for darker areas, and less densely or with a lighter shade for lighter areas.
The students study and apply fundamental concepts and algorithms of computer graphics for rendering, geometry
synthesis, and animation. They design and implement their own interactive graphics program
Couvre les bases du ray tracing en infographie, expliquant la génération de rayons primaires, les calculs d'intersection et les modèles d'éclairage pour les surfaces diffuses et spéculaires.
Computing light reflection from rough surfaces is an important topic in computer graphics. Reflection models developed based on geometric optics fail to capture wave effects such as diffraction and interference, while existing models based on physical opti ...
Photometric stereo, a computer vision technique for estimating the 3D shape of objects through images captured under varying illumination conditions, has been a topic of research for nearly four decades. In its general formulation, photometric stereo is an ...
Evaluating the reflection of solar radiation by Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) with structured front-glass is challenging for two reasons. First, the resulting irregular scattering of light cannot be accounted for by simple reflection models. Sec ...