A pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. As a result of damage to capillaries, blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (hypoxia). Unlike pulmonary laceration, another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue.
A pulmonary contusion is usually caused directly by blunt trauma but can also result from explosion injuries or a shock wave associated with penetrating trauma. With the use of explosives during World Wars I and II, pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition. In the 1960s its occurrence in civilians began to receive wider recognition, in which cases it is usually caused by traffic accidents. The use of seat belts and airbags reduces the risk to vehicle occupants.
Diagnosis is made by studying the cause of the injury, physical examination and chest radiography. Typical signs and symptoms include direct effects of the physical trauma, such as chest pain and coughing up blood, as well as signs that the body is not receiving enough oxygen, such as cyanosis. The contusion frequently heals on its own with supportive care. Often nothing more than supplemental oxygen and close monitoring is needed; however, intensive care may be required. For example, if breathing is severely compromised, mechanical ventilation may be necessary. Fluid replacement may be required to ensure adequate blood volume, but fluids are given carefully since fluid overload can worsen pulmonary edema, which may be lethal.
The severity ranges from mild to severe: small contusions may have little or no impact on health, yet pulmonary contusion is the most common type of potentially lethal chest trauma. It occurs in 30–75% of severe chest injuries. The risk of death following a pulmonary contusion is between 14 and 40%. Pulmonary contusion is usually accompanied by other injuries.
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Le but est de connaitre et comprendre le fonctionnement des systèmes cardiovasculaire, urinaire, respiratoire, digestif, ainsi que du métabolisme de base et sa régulation afin de déveloper une réflect
Explique les débitmètres à gradient de pression et les principes de mesure du débit respiratoire à l'aide de pneumomètres et de spiromètres, ainsi que les paramètres de physiologie respiratoire.
Penetrating trauma is an open wound injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the body, creating a deep but relatively narrow entry wound. In contrast, a blunt or non-penetrating trauma may have some deep damage, but the overlying skin is not necessarily broken and the wound is still closed to the outside environment. The penetrating object may remain in the tissues, come back out the path it entered, or pass through the full thickness of the tissues and exit from another area.
L’effet de souffle ou blast, est l'effet sur l'organisme d'une explosion. Il est recherché par certaines armes (des obus ou grenades et mines aux bombes atomiques) et alors parfois associé à un effet thermique (double-effet dit « thermobarique »). Lors des guerres ou blessures par armes à feu ou lors d'une explosion accidentelle, les lésions induites par l'effet de souffle aggravent les blessures par balles ou éclats isolés et rendent le travail des médecins et chirurgiens plus délicat.
Un traumatisme contondant, également connu sous le nom de traumatisme par objet contondant ou traumatisme non pénétrant, est un traumatisme physique ou une force d'impact sur une partie du corps, se produisant souvent lors d'un accident de la route, un coup direct, une agression, une blessure lors d'une activité sportive, et en particulier chez les personnes âgées qui tombent. Cela s'oppose au traumatisme pénétrant qui se produit lorsqu'un objet perce la peau et pénètre dans un tissu du corps, créant une plaie ouverte et une ecchymose.
Background: Quantification of the T2 signal by means of T2 mapping in acute pancreatitis (AP) has the potential to quantify the parenchymal edema. Quantitative T2 mapping may overcome the limitations of previously reported scoring systems for reliable asse ...
Hoboken2024
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Objectives Parametric response mapping (PRM) enables the evaluation of small airway disease (SAD) at the voxel level, but requires both inspiratory and expiratory chest CT scans. We hypothesize that deep learning PRM from inspiratory chest CT scans can eff ...
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