Système électoralthumb|400px|Système électoral utilisé pour élire la chambre basse par pays. Système majoritaire Système semi-proportionnel Système proportionnel Système mixte Autre Le 'système électoral, mode de scrutin', système de vote ou régime électoral, désigne tout type de processus permettant l'expression du choix d'un corps électoral donné, souvent la désignation d'élus pour exercer un mandat en tant que représentants de ce corps (élection), ou moins souvent le choix direct (référendum) d'une option parmi plusieurs.
Scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tourthumb|Schéma du mode de scrutin majoritaire Le scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tour est le système électoral pour lequel il est le plus simple de déterminer l'option gagnante à partir des votes. L'électeur doit choisir un candidat parmi plusieurs. On compte alors le nombre de voix obtenues par chaque candidat. Celui qui recueille le plus de voix (majorité relative) remporte les élections. Ce système de vote est utilisé pour l'élection du président de la République dans certains pays (Cameroun, Corée du Sud, Islande, Kenya, Malawi, Mexique, Philippines, Venezuela, République démocratique du Congo, Togo, Taïwan).
Comparison of electoral systemsComparison of electoral systems is the result of comparative politics for electoral systems. Electoral systems are the rules for conducting elections, a main component of which is the algorithm for determining the winner (or several winners) from the ballots cast. This article discusses methods and results of comparing different electoral systems, both those that elect a unique candidate in a 'single-winner' election and those that elect a group of representatives in a multiwinner election.
Vote unique non transférableLe vote unique non transférable est un système de vote pour pourvoir plusieurs sièges. Il est utilisé au Japon, en Corée du Sud, à Taïwan, à Porto Rico, en Jordanie, en Afghanistan, en Indonésie, au Koweït et au Vanuatu. Il s'agit d'un système électoral s'appliquant à des circonscriptions électorales plurinominales. Les électeurs votent pour un seul candidat dans leur circonscription, et les candidats ayant reçu le plus de voix dans celle-ci sont élus à hauteur du nombre de sièges qui y sont à pourvoir.
Multiple non-transferable voteThe multiple non-transferable vote (MNTV) is a group of voting system, in which voters elect several representatives at once, with each voter having more than one vote. MNTV uses multi-member electoral districts or only one district, which contains all voters, which is used to provide at-large representation. MNTV systems are not designed towards obtaining proportional representation; instead the usual result is that where the candidates divide into definitive parties (especially for example where those parties have party lines which are whipped) the most popular party in the district sees its full slate of candidates elected, resulting in a landslide.
Plurality block votingPlurality block voting, also known as plurality-at-large voting, bloc vote or block voting (BV) is a non-proportional voting system for electing representatives in multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number of seats to be filled. The usual result when the candidates divide into parties is that the most popular party in the district sees its full slate of candidates elected in a seemingly landslide victory.
Score votingScore voting or range voting is an electoral system for single-seat elections, in which voters give each candidate a score, the scores are added (or averaged), and the candidate with the highest total is elected. It has been described by various other names including evaluative voting, utilitarian voting, interval measure voting, the point system, ratings summation, 0-99 voting, average voting and utility voting. It is a type of cardinal voting electoral system, and aims to implement the utilitarian social choice rule.
Sequential proportional approval votingSequential proportional approval voting (SPAV) or reweighted approval voting (RAV) is an electoral system that extends the concept of approval voting to a multiple winner election. It is a simplified version of proportional approval voting. Proposed by Danish statistician Thorvald N. Thiele in the early 1900s, it was used (with adaptations for party lists) in Sweden for a short period from 1909-1921, and was replaced by a cruder "party-list" style system as it was easier to calculate.
