Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the topmost layer of the soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.
Slash-and-burn and other unsustainable methods of subsistence farming are practiced in some lesser developed areas. A consequence of deforestation is typically large-scale erosion, loss of soil nutrients and sometimes total desertification. Techniques for improved soil conservation include crop rotation, cover crops, conservation tillage and planted windbreaks, affect both erosion and fertility. When plants die, they decay and become part of the soil. Code 330 defines standard methods recommended by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Farmers have practiced soil conservation for millennia. In Europe, policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy are targeting the application of best management practices such as reduced tillage, winter cover crops, plant residues and grass margins in order to better address soil conservation. Political and economic action is further required to solve the erosion problem. A simple governance hurdle concerns how we value the land and this can be changed by cultural adaptation. Soil carbon is a carbon sink, playing a role in climate change mitigation.
Contour ploughing orients furrows following the contour lines of the farmed area. Furrows move left and right to maintain a constant altitude, which reduces runoff. Contour plowing was practiced by the ancient Phoenicians for slopes between two and ten percent. Contour plowing can increase crop yields from 10 to 50 percent, partially as a result of greater soil retention.
Terracing is the practice of creating nearly level areas in a hillside area. The terraces form a series of steps each at a higher level than the previous. Terraces are protected from erosion by other soil barriers. Terraced farming is more common on small farms.
Keyline design is the enhancement of contour farming, where the total watershed properties are taken into account in forming the contour lines.
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Ce cours donne aux étudiant-e-s les connaissances de base nécessaires pour comprendre les dimensions juridiques de leur activité professionnelle concernant l'aménagement du territoire et la protection
Le cours est une introduction aux Sciences du sol. Il a pour but de présenter les principales caractéristiques, propriétés et fonctions des sols. Il fait appel à des notions théoriques mais également
Présentation des bases des études d'impact, du contexte et des outils d'évaluation de chacun des sujets et des chapitres. Illustration par de nombreux cas réels, et par un travail de groupe. Discussio
Explore l'évaluation d'impact, la protection des sols et les études environnementales dans un projet de gazoduc, en mettant l'accent sur les impacts du sol et les aspects juridiques.
Soil management is the application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance (such as soil fertility or soil mechanics). It includes soil conservation, soil amendment, and optimal soil health. In agriculture, some amount of soil management is needed both in nonorganic and organic types to prevent agricultural land from becoming poorly productive over decades. Organic farming in particular emphasizes optimal soil management, because it uses soil health as the exclusive or nearly exclusive source of its fertilization and pest control.
En hydrologie, le ruissellement ou ruissèlement est l'écoulement des eaux à la surface de la terre, notamment la surface des sols, contrairement à celle y pénétrant par infiltration. L'intensité des précipitations favorise le ruissellement en proportion de l'insuffisance de l'infiltration et de la capacité de rétention de la surface du sol.
thumb|Déforestation en Europe Une ressource renouvelable est une ressource naturelle dont le stock peut se reconstituer sur une période courte à l'échelle humaine de temps, en se renouvelant au moins aussi vite qu'elle est consommée. C'est le cas par exemple de diverses ressources animales d'élevage ou végétales cultivées (biomasse), l'eau d'une nappe d'eau souterraine dont le niveau reste stable, de l'énergie éolienne et de l'énergie solaire. En ce qui concerne les ressources vivantes naturelles (gibiers, poissons, mais aussi humus, forêts primaires.
The study of pollutants found in biochar and its effects on agricultural soil was conducted in this paper. The aim of the research was to analyse organic and inorganic pollutants found in biochar which either originate from the biomass itself or are formed ...
2023
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Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarc ...
Wiley2024
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This paper shows first quantitative analysis of the detachment processes in the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor (SXD). We identify an unprecedented impact of plasma-molecular interactions involving molecular ions (likely D2+ ), resulting in strong ion sinks ...