This paper studies the effects of fiscal policy on net exports, the terms of trade and expenditure switching. Using data on government spending and consumption taxes for twelve euro area countries over 1996 to 2018, it shows that fiscal austerity shocks im ...
We exploit differences across U.S. states' exposure to trade to study the effects of changes in the exchange rate on economic activity. Across states, trade-weighted exchange rate depreciations are associated with increased state exports, reduced state une ...
Cuts to government spending rather than increases in consumption taxes are statistically associated with internal devaluations in the euro area during the period 2010-2014. Countries that cut spending experienced a decline in nominal wages, rising net expo ...
Cuts to government spending rather than increases in consumption taxes are statistically associated with internal devaluations in the euro area during the period 2010-2014. Countries that cut spending experienced a decline in nominal wages, rising net expo ...
Cross-country differences in austerity, defined as government purchases below forecast, account for 75 percent of the observed cross-sectional variation in GDP in advanced economies during 2010-2014. Statistically, austerity is associated with lower GDP, l ...
Population growth is in general constrained by food production, which in turn depends on the access to water resources. At a country level, some populations use more water than they control because of their ability to import food and the virtual water requ ...
This research assesses the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission constraints imposed in biofuel importing countries on the export potential of biofuel producing countries. Several countries are promoting the introduction of biofuels on their energy matri ...
The restructuring of the electricity supply industry (ESI) has introduced new actors and market mechanisms. Electricity prices are more market oriented and fluctuate greatly. These changes bring about more uncertainties and risks to the market participants ...
