Keynésianisme | EPFL Graph Search

Le keynésianisme est à la fois une école de pensée économique fondée par l'économiste britannique John Maynard Keynes, et le nom générique donné aux différentes écoles de pensées postérieures affiliées au keynésianisme. La thèse centrale des keynésianistes est que les marchés laissés à eux-mêmes ne conduisent pas nécessairement à l'optimum économique, et que l'État a un rôle à jouer dans le domaine économique pour pallier les défaillances des marchés. Chaque courant keynésien a proposé ses propres thèses, en augmentant ou rejetant celles soutenues par l'école précédente. Le keynésianisme originel de 1936 a enfanté la décennie suivante la synthèse néo-classique (aussi appelée néokeynésianisme) qui cherche à fusionner les travaux de Keynes et ceux de l'école néoclassique. Après une période d'effacement dans le monde académique, une école appelée nouvelle économie keynésienne émerge dans les années 1990. Parallèlement à cela subsiste une école post-keynésienne, hétérodoxe et minoritaire,

Policy, program and project in social housing of the welfare state: A comparative analysis of postwar Mediterranean models in translation of existenzminimum

Sila Karatas Basoglu

About 20 years after CIAM 2, themes of minimum dwelling for working class were put into large-scale practice for building welfare state and social democracy in all countries that participated in the Marshall Plan and postwar phenomena of transnational and local development. Spread in response to housing shortage in war-devastated European countries by reconstruction programs, but advanced within regional planning strategies to industrialize and populate rural territories by development programs, social housing programs of welfare states adopted existenzminimum in realization of workers’ habitats at peripheries of modern cities. These programs had similarities in terms of policies and governance, financial and organizational models, tenancy and ownership systems, planning and land use strategies, population and density patterns, settlement morphologies and architectural typologies as well as roles of policy-maker, planner, architect and community in postwar habitat development. While embracing Taylorist and Fordist planning, design and construction methods to maximize economic and spatial efficiency and revitalize construction economy through prefabrication of housing as well as promoting peripheral urban development, they redefined economic and hygienic dwelling. Sticking to rational urbanization in garden suburbs though, individualized middle class welfare within preindustrial patterns of community life superseded collectivized working class welfare of industrial domestic life. Yet, postwar social housing represents long-disappeared public practice for participatory and sustainable housing, and face privatization and gentrification by neoliberal urban practices. On that note, this proposal aims to comparatively analyse social housing programs introduced by welfare states of France, Italy, Greece and Turkey as the Mediterranean countries participated in the Marshall Plan and performed large-scale housing in planned industrial city-regions. It suggests an interdisciplinary portrayal of their schemata in housing production in terms of policy, program and project to trace their translation of urban, architectural and societal narrative of existenzminimum especially when bottom-up initiatives reclaim social housing against current housing crisis.

2019

Policy, program and project in social housing of the welfare state: A comparative analysis of postwar Mediterranean models in translation of existenzminimum

Sila Karatas Basoglu

2019