Galaxie active

Résumé

En astronomie, une galaxie active est une galaxie abritant un noyau actif (plus précisément noyau actif de galaxie, abrégé NAG, ou , abrégé AGN). Ce noyau est une région compacte au centre de la galaxie, dont la luminosité est beaucoup plus intense que la normale dans au moins un domaine du spectre électromagnétique (ondes radio, infrarouge, lumière visible, ultraviolet, rayons X ou rayons gamma), et qui présente des caractéristiques montrant que cette forte luminosité n'est pas d'origine stellaire. Le rayonnement du NAG résulterait théoriquement de l'accrétion par un trou noir supermassif situé au centre de la galaxie-hôte. Les NAG sont les sources continues de rayonnement électromagnétique les plus lumineuses de l'Univers et, comme telles, permettent la détection d'objets distants ; leur évolution en fonction du temps cosmique constitue aussi une des contraintes des modèles cosmologiques. Modèles de NAG thumb|upright=1.2|Modèle théorique des galaxies à noyau actif. On

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The e-MERGE Survey (e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey): overview and survey description

Jean-Paul Richard Kneib, Mark Thomas Sargent, Cole Stewart Simpson

We present an overview and description of the e-MERGE Survey (e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey) Data Release 1 (DR1), a large program of high-resolution 1.5-GHz radio observations of the GOODS-N field comprising similar to 140 h of observations with enhanced-Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) and similar to 40 h with the Very Large Array (VLA). We combine the long baselines of e-MERLIN (providing high angular resolution) with the relatively closely packed antennas of the VLA (providing excellent surface brightness sensitivity) to produce a deep 1.5-GHz radio survey with the sensitivity (similar to 1.5 mu Jy beam(-1)), angular resolution (0.2-0.7 arcsec) and field-of-view (similar to 15x15 arcmin(2)) to detect and spatially resolve star-forming galaxies and active galactic nucleus (AGN) at z greater than or similar to 1. The goal of e-MERGE is to provide new constraints on the deep, sub-arcsecond radio sky which will be surveyed by SKA1-mid. In this initial publication, we discuss our data analysis techniques, including steps taken to model in-beam source variability over an similar to 20-yr baseline and the development of newpoint spread function/primary beam models to seamlessly merge e-MERLIN and VLA data in the uv plane. We present early science results, including measurements of the luminosities and/or linear sizes of similar to 500 galaxies selected at 1.5 GHz. In combination with deep Hubble Space Telescope observations, we measure a mean radio-to-optical size ratio of r(e-MERGE)/r(HST) similar to 1.02 +/- 0.03, suggesting that in most high-redshift galaxies, the similar to GHz continuum emission traces the stellar light seen in optical imaging. This is the first in a series of papers that will explore the similar to kpc-scale radio properties of star-forming galaxies and AGN in the GOODS-N field observed by e-MERGE DR1.

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2020

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CODEX clusters: Survey, catalog, and cosmology of the X-ray luminosity function

Johan Comparat, Ghazaleh Erfanianfar, Jean-Paul Richard Kneib

Context. Large area catalogs of galaxy clusters constructed from ROSAT All-Sky Survey provide the basis for our knowledge of the population of clusters thanks to long-term multiwavelength efforts to follow up observations of these clusters.Aims. The advent of large area photometric surveys superseding previous, in-depth all-sky data allows us to revisit the construction of X-ray cluster catalogs, extending the study to lower cluster masses and higher redshifts and providing modeling of the selection function.Methods. We performed a wavelet detection of X-ray sources and made extensive simulations of the detection of clusters in the RASS data. We assigned an optical richness to each of the 24 788 detected X-ray sources in the 10 382 square degrees of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey area using red sequence cluster finder redMaPPer version 5.2 run on Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry. We named this survey COnstrain Dark Energy with X-ray (CODEX) clusters.Results. We show that there is no obvious separation of sources on galaxy clusters and active galactic nuclei (AGN) based on the distribution of systems on their richness. This is a combination of an increasing number of galaxy groups and their selection via the identification of X-ray sources either by chance or by groups hosting an AGN. To clean the sample, we use a cut on the optical richness at the level corresponding to the 10% completeness of the survey and include it in the modeling of the cluster selection function. We present the X-ray catalog extending to a redshift of 0.6.Conclusions. The CODEX suvey is the first large area X-ray selected catalog of northern clusters reaching fluxes of 10(-13) ergs s(-1) cm(-2). We provide modeling of the sample selection and discuss the redshift evolution of the high end of the X-ray luminosity function (XLF). Our results on z< 0.3 XLF agree with previous studies, while we provide new constraints on the 0.3< z< 0.6 XLF. We find a lack of strong redshift evolution of the XLF, provide exact modeling of the effect of low number statistics and AGN contamination, and present the resulting constraints on the flat CDM.

EDP SCIENCES S A2020

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We present a large robust sample of 1503 reliable and unconfused 70 mu m selected sources from the multiwavelength data set of the Cosmic Evolution Survey. Using the Spitzer IRAC and MIPS photometry, we estimate the total infrared (IR) luminosity, L-IR (8-1000 mu m), by finding the best-fit template from several different template libraries. The long-wavelength 70 and 160 mu m data allow us to obtain a reliable estimate of L-IR, accurate to within 0.2 and 0.05 dex, respectively. The 70 mu m data point enables a significant improvement over the luminosity estimates possible with only a 24 mu m detection. The full sample spans a wide range in IR luminosity, L-IR approximate to 10(8)-10(14) L-circle dot, with a median luminosity of 10(11.4) L-circle dot. We identify a total of 687 luminous, 303 ultraluminous, and 31 hyperluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs, ULIRGs, and HyLIRGs) over the redshift range 0.01 < z < 3.5 with a median redshift of 0.5. Presented here are the full spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for each of the sources compiled from the extensive multiwavelength data set from the ultraviolet (UV) to the far-infrared. A catalog of the general properties of the sample (including the photometry, redshifts, and L-IR) is included with this paper. We find that the overall shape of the SED and trends with L-IR (e.g., IR color temperatures and optical-IR ratios) are similar to what has been seen in studies of local objects; however, our large sample allows us to see the extreme spread in UV to near-infrared colors spanning nearly 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, using SED fits we find possible evidence for a subset of cooler ultraluminous objects than observed locally. However, until direct observations at longer wavelengths are obtained, the peak of emission and the dust temperature cannot be well constrained. We use these SEDs, along with the deep radio and X-ray coverage of the field, to identify a large sample of candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find that the fraction of AGNs increases strongly with L-IR, as it does in the local universe, and that nearly 70% of ULIRGs and all HyLIRGs likely host a powerful AGN.

2010

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