Economic ideologyAn economic ideology is a set of views forming the basis of an ideology on how the economy should run. It differentiates itself from economic theory in being normative rather than just explanatory in its approach, whereas the aim of economic theories is to create accurate explanatory models to describe how an economy currently functions. However, the two are closely interrelated, as underlying economic ideology influences the methodology and theory employed in analysis.
Herman DalyHerman Daly, né le à Houston au Texas et mort le à Richmond, en Virginie, est un économiste américain et professeur de l'université du Maryland. Herman Daly grandit à Houston. Ses parents gèrent une quincaillerie. À l'âge de huit ans il est atteint de la poliomyélite et est amputé du bras gauche. Il commence ses études à l'université Rice, mais c'est véritablement son passage à l'université Vanderbilt où il suit les cours de l'économiste Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen qui marque sa formation intellectuelle et son approche critique de la croissance économique.
Économie féministeL'économie féministe est une étude critique de la science économique dans les domaines de la méthodologie, de l'épistémologie et de la recherche empirique dans une tentative de surmonter les biais androcentrés (mâle et patriarcal).
ÉmergieL'émergie ou mémoire de l’énergie est l’énergie d’un type précis incorporée dans un bien ou un service ramené à l’énergie fournie par le soleil. En d’autres termes, elle caractérise tous les produits et les services en équivalent d’énergie solaire, c'est-à-dire en quantité d’énergie nécessaire à la conception d’une certaine tâche, en considérant que l'irradiation solaire est la seule entrée. Les considérations exergétiques sont prises en compte. Le mot est issu de l'anglais em(bodied) + (en)ergy (énergie grise).
Economic analysis of climate changeThe economic analysis of climate change explains how economic thinking, tools and techniques are applied to calculate the magnitude and distribution of damage caused by climate change. It also informs the policies and approaches for mitigation and adaptation to climate change from global to household scales. This topic is also inclusive of alternative economic approaches, including ecological economics and degrowth. Economic analysis of climate change is considered challenging as it is a long-term problem and has substantial distributional issues within and across countries.
Dette écologiqueLa dette écologique est un concept qui désigne une forme de dette non monétaire. Deux sous-concepts peuvent être distingués, qui parfois s'additionnent : le concept plutôt « temporel » d'une dette d'une génération humaine (ou de quelques générations) ; c'est notamment le cas des générations de la révolution industrielle, des Trente Glorieuses et des décennies suivantes, notamment celles des classes aisées et moyennes des régions du monde les plus riches monétairement parlant ; le concept, plutôt « spatial » et « géographique » d'une dette accumulée par des régions ou pays développés et riches qui ont surexploité l'environnement ou des ressources naturelles pas, peu, difficilement, coûteusement, lentement ou non renouvelables de pays du Sud.
Natural capital accountingNatural capital accounting is the process of calculating the total stocks and flows of natural resources and services in a given ecosystem or region. Accounting for such goods may occur in physical or monetary terms. This process can subsequently inform government, corporate and consumer decision making as each relates to the use or consumption of natural resources and land, and sustainable behaviour. There are several methods of accounting which aim to address the issue of sustainability.
Capital assetA capital asset is defined as property of any kind held by an assessee, whether connected with their business or profession or not connected with their business or profession. It includes all kinds of property, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, fixed or circulating. Thus, land and building, plant and machinery, motorcar, furniture, jewellery, route permits, goodwill, tenancy rights, patents, trademarks, shares, debentures, securities, units, mutual funds, zero-coupon bonds etc. are capital assets.
Green accountingGreen accounting is a type of accounting that attempts to factor environmental costs into the financial results of operations. It has been argued that gross domestic product ignores the environment and therefore policymakers need a revised model that incorporates green accounting. The major purpose of green accounting is to help businesses understand and manage the potential quid pro quo between traditional economics goals and environmental goals.
Energy qualityEnergy quality is a measure of the ease with which a form of energy can be converted to useful work or to another form of energy: i.e. its content of thermodynamic free energy. A high quality form of energy has a high content of thermodynamic free energy, and therefore a high proportion of it can be converted to work; whereas with low quality forms of energy, only a small proportion can be converted to work, and the remainder is dissipated as heat.
