Économie positiveL’économie positive rassemble les explications objectives ou scientifiques du fonctionnement de l'économie. Dans le cadre de l'économie positive, on étudie les conséquences économiques d'une décision prise par la société et relative à la consommation, la production et l'échange de biens.
Growth imperativeGrowth imperative is a term in economic theory regarding a possible necessity of economic growth. On the micro level, it describes mechanisms that force firms or consumers (households) to increase revenues or consumption to not endanger their income. On the macro level, a political growth imperative exists if economic growth is necessary to avoid economic and social instability or to retain democratic legitimacy, so that other political goals such as climate change mitigation or a reduction of inequality are subordinated to growth policies.
Material flow analysisMaterial flow analysis (MFA), also referred to as substance flow analysis (SFA), is an analytical method to quantify flows and stocks of materials or substances in a well-defined system. MFA is an important tool to study the bio-physical aspects of human activity on different spatial and temporal scales. It is considered a core method of industrial ecology or anthropogenic, urban, social and industrial metabolism. MFA is used to study material, substance, or product flows across different industrial sectors or within ecosystems.
Principe de puissance maximumdroite|vignette|320x320px|Maximum Power Principle in Energy Systems Language adapted from Odum and Odum 2000, p. 38 Le principe de puissance maximum ou principe de Lotka a été proposé comme le 4eme principe principe énergétique dans un système ouvert en thermodynamique, où la cellule vivante en est un bon exemple. D'après Howard T.
Ecological civilizationEcological civilization is the hypothetical concept that describes the alleged final goal of social and environmental reform within a given society. It implies that the changes required in response to global climate disruption and social injustices are so extensive as to require another form of human civilization, one based on ecological principles. Broadly construed, ecological civilization involves a synthesis of economic, educational, political, agricultural, and other societal changes toward sustainability.
Green growthGreen growth is a concept in economic theory and policymaking used to describe paths of economic growth that are environmentally sustainable. It is based on the understanding that as long as economic growth remains a predominant goal, a decoupling of economic growth from resource use and adverse environmental impacts is required. As such, green growth is closely related to the concepts of green economy and low-carbon or sustainable development. A main driver for green growth is the transition towards sustainable energy systems.
Management environnementalLe management environnemental, aussi appelé gestion environnementale, ou éco management, désigne les méthodes de gestion d'une entité (entreprise, service...) visant à prendre en compte l'impact environnemental de ses activités, à évaluer cet impact et à le réduire. Le management environnemental s'inscrit dans une perspective de développement durable.
Post-growthPost-growth is a stance on economic growth concerning the limits-to-growth dilemma — recognition that, on a planet of finite material resources, extractive economies and populations cannot grow infinitely. The term "post-growth" acknowledges that economic growth can generate beneficial effects up to a point, but beyond that point (cited as $25,000 GDP/capita by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett in their book The Spirit Level) it is necessary to look for other indicators and techniques to increase human wellbeing.
Dematerialization (economics)Dematerialization is a term in economics and the social sciences that describes the process of making more goods with less material. The term itself possesses multi-accentuality, which allows it to be diversely explained by different fields of social science, such as Mainstream economics, which puts focus on the aspects of technological evolution and market demand shifts, and Ecological economics, which emphasizes the effect of dematerialization on the natural environment.
Éco-capitalismevignette|Initiatives de taxation du carbone L'éco-capitalisme, ou capitalisme vert, est une idéologie selon laquelle les gouvernements devraient adapter leurs politiques économiques pour résoudre les problèmes environnementaux. Selon cette idéologie, les ressources naturelles des écosystèmes sont considérées comme du « capital naturel » dont dépend la création de richesses. Les dommages environnementaux sont considérés comme des externalités négatives.
