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Concept
Circonscription électorale du Royaume-Uni
Résumé
In the United Kingdom (UK), each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one member to the House of Commons.
Within the United Kingdom there are five bodies with members elected by electoral districts called "constituencies" as opposed to "wards":
The House of Commons (see Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom)
The Scottish Parliament (see Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions)
The Senedd (see Senedd constituencies and electoral regions)
The Northern Ireland Assembly (see Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies)
The London Assembly (see List of London Assembly constituencies)
Between 1921 and 1973 the following body also included members elected by constituencies:
The Parliament of Northern Ireland (see Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies)
Electoral areas called constituencies were previously used in elections to the European Parliament, prior to the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (see European Parliament constituency).
In local government elections (other than for the London Assembly) electoral areas are called wards or electoral divisions.
House of Commons, Scottish Parliament, Senedd and Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies are designated as either county or borough constituencies, except that in Scotland the term burgh is used instead of borough. Since the advent of universal suffrage, the differences between county and borough constituencies are slight. Formerly (see below) the franchise differed, and there were also county borough and university constituencies.
Borough constituencies are predominantly urban while county constituencies are predominantly rural. There is no definitive statutory criterion for the distinction; the Boundary Commission for England has stated that, "as a general principle, where constituencies contain more than a small rural element they should normally be designated as county constituencies. Otherwise they should be designated as borough constituencies.
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