Acquired brain injuryAcquired brain injury (ABI) is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder such as fetal alcohol syndrome, perinatal illness or perinatal hypoxia. ABI can result in cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioural impairments that lead to permanent or temporary changes in functioning. These impairments result from either traumatic brain injury (e.g. physical trauma due to accidents, assaults, neurosurgery, head injury etc.
Cerebral contusionCerebral contusion, contusio cerebri, a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple microhemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe head injuries. A cerebral laceration is a similar injury except that, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion.
Lésion axonale diffuseLes lésions axonales diffuses sont des cas de traumatisme crânien fréquents et de pronostic très défavorable. Elles se traduisent par des dommages sur une zone étendue du cerveau, dans la matière blanche, et sont une cause majeure de comas persistants et d'états végétatifs. Les lésions axonales diffuses, phénomène présent dans 50 % des traumatismes crâniens graves, sont de divers degrés de sévérités (légères, modérées, graves). Les victimes des cas les plus légers peuvent espérer une rémission plus ou moins complète.
