Rajasthani (Devanagari: राजस्थानी) languages is a group of Indo-Aryan languages and dialects spoken primarily in the state of Rajasthan and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India. There are also speakers in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh. Rajasthani is also spoken to a lesser extent in Nepal where it is spoken by 25,394 people according to the 2011 Census of Nepal.
The term Rajasthani is also used to refer to a literary language mostly based on Marwari, which is being promoted as a standard language for the state of Rajasthan.
Rajasthani has a literary tradition going back approximately 1500 years. The Vasantgadh Inscription from modern day Sirohi that has been dated to the 7th century AD uses the term Rajasthaniaditya in reference to the official or maybe for a poet or a bhat who wrote in Rajasthani. The ancient astronomer and mathematician Brahmagupta of Bhinmal composed the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta. In 779 AD, Udhyotan Suri wrote the Kuvalaya Mala partly in Prakrit and partly in Apabhraṃśa. Texts of this era display characteristic Gujarati features such as direct/oblique noun forms, post-positions, and auxiliary verbs. It had three genders as Gujarati does today. During the medieval period, the literary language split into Medieval Marwari and Gujarati.
By around 1300 AD a fairly standardised form of this language emerged. While generally known as Old Gujarati, some scholars prefer the name of Old Western Rajasthani, based on the argument that Gujarati and Rajasthani were not distinct at the time. Also factoring into this preference was the belief that modern Rajasthani sporadically expressed a neuter gender, based on the incorrect conclusion that the [ũ] that came to be pronounced in some areas for masculine [o] after a nasal consonant was analogous to Gujarati's neuter [ũ]. A formal grammar of the precursor to this language was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra Suri in the reign of Solanki king Jayasimha Siddharaja.
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vignette|Un homme gurjar en 1868 Les Gurjar ou Gujjar (également connus sous le nom de Gojar et Goojar) sont une communauté agricole et pastorale ethnique de l'Inde, du Pakistan et de l'Afghanistan. Ils étaient connus sous le nom de Gurjaras à l'époque médiévale, un nom qui aurait été à l'origine un ethnonyme, et par la suite un démonyme. Bien qu’ils aient traditionnellement été impliqués dans l’agriculture (principalement dans l’élevage et les produits laitiers), les Gurjars forment un groupe hétérogène important qui se différencie en termes de culture, de religion, de profession et de statut socio-économique.
Jaisalmer est une ville du Rajasthan, en Inde, située à de la frontière du Pakistan. Jaisalmer est une ville fortifiée depuis sa fondation. C'est au que la cité commence à s'étendre au pied de la forteresse. Actuellement, une petite partie des Jaisalmeris habite dans la forteresse, tandis que la majorité vit aux alentours. Jaisalmer serait avec Carcassonne, France, l'une des rares villes fortifiées au monde largement habitée. Un projet de jumelage des deux villes a été initié en 2022.
Nagaur (also Nagor and Nagore) is a city and municipal council in Nagaur district of the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. Nagaur is famous for spices and sweets (mithai). Nagaur have huge mineral resources. Nagaur also has a temple of Maheshwari community Kuldevi in the name of Deresiya Mata Mandir. The Nagaur Fort is of historical importance. Nagaur fort is the fort built by the ancient Kshatriya of India.