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Concept
Droop quota
Résumé
The Droop quota is the quota most commonly used in elections held under the single transferable vote (STV) system. It is also sometimes used in elections held under the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation (list PR). Any candidate that receives quota is declared elected. Under some STV systems, especially those of the full-preferential voting variant, often all the winners receive the quota, but in others, of the optional-preferential voting or semi-optional preferential voting variants, if is common for as many as three winners in a district to be elected with less than quota.
Besides establishing winners, quota is useful to set the number of votes that are surplus and thus eligible for transfer to another candidate. Transfers can be conducted in various ways (see Counting single transferable votes).
The Droop quota was devised in 1868 by the English lawyer and mathematician Henry Richmond Droop (1831–1884) as a replacement for the earlier Hare quota.
Today the Droop quota is used in almost all STV elections, including the forms of STV used in India, the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Malta and Australia, among other places. It is also used to allocate seats via the largest remainder model in South Africa.
The Droop quota is very similar to the simpler Hagenbach-Bischoff quota, which is also sometimes loosely referred to as the 'Droop quota'.
Sources differ as to the exact formula for the Droop quota. As used in the Republic of Ireland the formula is usually written:
but more precisely
or
where:
= Total number of valid (unspoiled) votes cast in an election.
= total number of seats to be filled in the election.
refers to the floor or integer portion of the number, sometimes written as
(The extra parentheses, while not strictly necessary from a mathematical standpoint, are often included in order to make the formula seem less ambiguous to non-mathematicians—if calculated out of sequence, an incorrect result would be arrived at, producing an incorrect quota.
Source officielle
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