Electrical resonanceElectrical resonance occurs in an electric circuit at a particular resonant frequency when the impedances or admittances of circuit elements cancel each other. In some circuits, this happens when the impedance between the input and output of the circuit is almost zero and the transfer function is close to one. Resonant circuits exhibit ringing and can generate higher voltages or currents than are fed into them. They are widely used in wireless (radio) transmission for both transmission and reception.
All-pass filterAn all-pass filter is a signal processing filter that passes all frequencies equally in gain, but changes the phase relationship among various frequencies. Most types of filter reduce the amplitude (i.e. the magnitude) of the signal applied to it for some values of frequency, whereas the all-pass filter allows all frequencies through without changes in level. A common application in electronic music production is in the design of an effects unit known as a "phaser", where a number of all-pass filters are connected in sequence and the output mixed with the raw signal.
Synthèse des filtres linéairesEn électronique analogique ou numérique, la synthèse de filtres linéaires représente l'ensemble des outils mathématiques destinés à concevoir un filtre à partir de spécifications dans le domaine fréquentiel ou temporel. Un filtre linéaire est un système S vérifiant les propriétés suivantes : Linéarité Continuité Stationnarité De ces trois propriétés, on peut déduire qu'un filtre linéaire est caractérisé par une fonction h telle que la réponse du filtre à tout signal d'entrée e soit : Il s'agit du produit de convolution des fonctions h et e que l'on peut aussi noter : h est appelée la réponse impulsionnelle du filtre.
Nonlinear filterIn signal processing, a nonlinear (or non-linear) filter is a filter whose output is not a linear function of its input. That is, if the filter outputs signals R and S for two input signals r and s separately, but does not always output αR + βS when the input is a linear combination αr + βs. Both continuous-domain and discrete-domain filters may be nonlinear. A simple example of the former would be an electrical device whose output voltage R(t) at any moment is the square of the input voltage r(t); or which is the input clipped to a fixed range [a,b], namely R(t) = max(a, min(b, r(t))).
Filtre mécaniqueA mechanical filter is a signal processing filter usually used in place of an electronic filter at radio frequencies. Its purpose is the same as that of a normal electronic filter: to pass a range of signal frequencies, but to block others. The filter acts on mechanical vibrations which are the analogue of the electrical signal. At the input and output of the filter, transducers convert the electrical signal into, and then back from, these mechanical vibrations.
Network synthesisNetwork synthesis is a design technique for linear electrical circuits. Synthesis starts from a prescribed impedance function of frequency or frequency response and then determines the possible networks that will produce the required response. The technique is to be compared to network analysis in which the response (or other behaviour) of a given circuit is calculated. Prior to network synthesis, only network analysis was available, but this requires that one already knows what form of circuit is to be analysed.
Topologie (circuits électriques)La topologie d'un circuit électronique est la forme prise par le réseau d'interconnexions des composantes du circuit. Des valeurs différentes des composantes sont considérées comme formant la même topologie. La topologie ne se préoccupe pas de la disposition physique des composantes d'un circuit, ni de leur position sur un schéma électrique (diagramme de circuit). Similairement au concept mathématique de topologie, elle ne se préoccupe que des connexions qui existent entre les composantes.
Thin-film bulk acoustic resonatorA thin-film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR or TFBAR) is a device consisting of a piezoelectric material manufactured by thin film methods between two conductive – typically metallic – electrodes and acoustically isolated from the surrounding medium. The operation is based on the piezoelectricity of the piezolayer between the electrodes. FBAR devices using piezoelectric films with thicknesses ranging from several micrometres down to tenths of micrometres resonate in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 20 GHz.
