Nap (fabric)Primarily, nap is the raised (fuzzy) surface on certain kinds of cloth, such as velvet or moleskin. Nap can refer additionally to other surfaces that look like the surface of a napped cloth, such as the surface of a felt or beaver hat. Starting around the 14th century, the word referred originally to the roughness of woven cloth before it was sheared. When cloth, especially woollen cloth, is woven, the surface of the cloth is not smooth, and this roughness is the nap.
Wet process engineeringWet Processing Engineering is one of the major streams in Textile Engineering or Textile manufacturing which refers to the engineering of textile chemical processes and associated applied science. The other three streams in textile engineering are yarn engineering, fabric engineering, and apparel engineering. The processes of this stream are involved or carried out in an aqueous stage. Hence, it is called a wet process which usually covers pre-treatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing.
Glossaire du tissageRecueil des termes relatifs au tissage, à l'industrie textile et au textile. Abaca fibre, appelée Chanvre de Manille, provenant des tiges et feuilles de la Musa textilis. Acétate fibre d’acétate de cellulose, dont entre 74 % et 92 % des groupes hydroxyliques est acétylate. Acrylique fibre synthétique produite à partir d’acrylonitrile, monomère qui constitue au moins 85 % des unités répétitives dans la chaîne de polymérisation. Agave sisalana plante dont on retire une fibre textile, le sisal. Aiguille voir lice ou lisse.
RétrécissementLe rétrécissement est le processus par lequel un tissu diminue de taille, soit par lavage, soit par un procédé d'apprêtage, comme le sanforisage. La laine, et les poils de fourrure des animaux en général, sont constitués d'écailles. Pendant le lavage, l'eau chaude les fait ressortir et, à la suite du frottement des fibres les unes contre les autres pendant le lavage, elles se lient entre elles et les fibres finissent par adhérer les unes aux autres. Le tissu devient alors de plus en plus épais et de plus en plus petit.
Pill (textile)A pill, colloquially known as a bobble, fuzzball, or lint ball, is a small ball of fibers that forms on a piece of cloth. Pill is also a verb for the formation of such balls. Pilling is a surface defect of textiles caused by wear, and is generally considered an undesirable trait. It happens when washing and wearing of fabrics causes loose fibers to begin to push out from the surface of the cloth, and, over time, abrasion causes the fibers to develop into small spherical bundles, anchored to the surface of the fabric by protruding fibers that have not broken.
Textile manufacturingTextile manufacturing (or textile engineering) is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial products. Different types of fibres are used to produce yarn. Cotton remains the most widely used and common natural fiber making up 90% of all-natural fibers used in the textile industry.
Textile performanceTextile performance, also known as fitness for purpose, is a textile's capacity to withstand various conditions, environments, and hazards, qualifying it for particular uses. The performance of textile products influences their appearance, comfort, durability, and protection. Different textile applications (automotive, clothing, sleepwear, workwear, sportswear, upholstery, and PPE) require a different set of performance parameters. As a result, the specifications determine the level of performance of a textile product.
