Fitness

Résumé

thumb|Démonstration d'exercices de fitness. Le fitness (abréviation de l'expression anglaise physical fitness, « forme physique »), aussi appelé la gymnastique de forme ou l'entraînement physique, désigne un ensemble d'activités physiques permettant au pratiquant d'améliorer sa condition physique et son hygiène de vie, dans un souci de bien-être. Historique Aux États-Unis Le fitness trouve ses origines dans l'aérobic (gymnastique modelant le corps par des mouvements effectués en musique), qui lui-même naît de la danse jazz. Dans les années 1970, le mouvement aérobics se développe, se consolide et surtout devient médiatique sous l'impulsion de Jane Fonda. Celle-ci crée sa propre méthode de travail qu'elle nomme Work Out. En 1986, Gin Miller crée les cours d'une composante majeure du fitness : le step. Dans les années 1990, les BTS (body training system) font leur apparition et donnent lieu à ce que l'on appelle : body pump, body balance, body combat, body at

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A Case Study on the Effect of Using an Anchored-Discussion Forum in a Programming Course

Jean-Philippe Pellet

In the context of a programming course taught to college freshmen, we give an account of the switch from a classical, Moodle-based discussion forum to MIT's NotaBene (NB) platform. One of the defining features of NB is to anchor each discussion thread to a given rectangular zone freely highlightable in any of the course's PDF documents. In doing so, it forces a precise contextualization of every post-be it to a slide from the lectures, to a sentence from the instructions in the exercises, or to lines of code in the given exercise keys. We hypothesize that this feature lowers the contextualization effort needed to ask a question, thus strengthening students' engagement and, ultimately, understanding of the matter. Using historical data on three years of giving the same course, we first examine and classify the students' interventions with both the traditional and the NB-based approach to see if the questions significantly differ qualitatively or quantitatively. We also quantify the contextualization effort needed in both approaches. Finally, we discuss our teacher experience with both platforms and make recommendations on the choice such a discussion forum in a programming course.

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG2018

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Skeletal muscle is one of the most dynamic organs in the human body, which has a vigorous potential to regenerate and adapt to environmental changes. Depending on environments, skeletal muscle enables essential life activities to survive by controlling movement and metabolism. The functional and structural adaptations of skeletal muscle crosstalk with other physiological systems enabling nutrition and oxygen delivery, and the elimination of metabolic waste products. The work in this dissertation focuses on the intercellular signals produced by myogenic cells to dynamically remodel skeletal muscle during exercise or muscle repair, and the reciprocal signals from the local niche and the systemic environment that regulate myogenic cell fate and metabolism according to physiological needs. This complex crosstalk is dissected in three specific chapters where we study the crosstalk of myogenic cells with endothelial cells and the vasculature to coordinate local niche interactions and systemic crosstalks. First, we demonstrate that an exercise-induced myokine called apelin is produced by muscle fiber and mediates intercellular signaling to endothelial cells through the apelin receptor. In addition, through a yeast one-hybrid screen of transcription factor binding to the apelin promoter, we identified the myogenic transcription factor TEA domain family member 1 (Tead1) as a regulator of Apln transcription. We observed via single-cell transcriptomic analysis of regenerating skeletal muscle that Aplnr (Apelin receptor) is enriched in muscle endothelial cells, whereas Tead1 is enriched in myogenic cells. Myofiber-specific over-expression of Tead1 suppresses apelin secretion at the whole-body level, and apelin secretion via Tead1 knock-down in muscle cells stimulates endothelial cell proliferation in co-cultures. By showing that apelin peptide supplementation in vivo enhances endothelial cell expansion following muscle injury, we conclude that paracrine crosstalk in which apelin secretion controlled by Tead1 in myogenic cells influences endothelial remodeling during skeletal muscle repair. Secondly, we show how tissue-resident support cells affect muscle progenitor activation in different metabolic environments. Skeletal muscle progenitors (SKMP) reside in close proximity to supportive cell types in the stem cell niche and dynamically interact with each other to adapt to environmental changes. Here, we studied how different niche cell types affect SKMPs in response to glycemic levels. Using co-cultures of SKMPs and niche cells, we discovered that endothelial cells synergistically enhance SKMP proliferation in a low glycemic environment, while fibroblasts and macrophages had no effect. We observed that the crosstalk between SKMPs and endothelial cells was mediated by direct cell-cell contacts independent of soluble paracrine signals. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the endothelial alpha/beta hydrolase N-Myc Downstream Regulated1 (NDRG1) is induced by a low glycemic environment and is associated with biological adhesion. SKMPs co-cultured with Ndrg1 knock-down endothelial cells lose their synergistic functional relationship in response to glucose levels. Therefore, our findings suggest that Ndrg1 is a key mediator of endothelial cell-mediated glycemic control of SKMPs and provides a link between systemic energy levels and the skeletal muscle stem cell niche. Lastly, I developed intravital imaging to monitor muscle stem cells and vasculature.

EPFL2021

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Travail artisanal et production de l'espace bruxellois. Prototype d'atlas lisuel

Marine Nicole Anne Antoinette Paul Declève

In Brussels today we can observe a proliferation of initiatives that reject the utilitarian framework which society, since industrialisation, has imposed upon the notion of work. Architects of their own lives, their adherents approach work as an existential value. They shift the classical boundaries between the time of labour and domestic reproduction, the time of imagination and creation of an irreplaceable and unique existence, and the time of public activity. They occupy new spaces and networks, transforming labour's relationship to the city and to inhabiting the city.The author has taken this phenomenon as the basis for an investigation conducted at the intersection where the cultures of town planning, of art history, and of anthropology meet. Bypassing classic definitions that reduce labour and employment to the functions of growth and the accumulation of capital, it tests the perception that this proliferation of initiatives is part of the tradition of urban craftsmanship. She will seek theoretical reference points in the work of authors such as F. Braudel, K. Polanyi, H. Arendt, W. Morris, I. Ilitch, K. Lynch, C. Alexander, and A. Corboz. Her question becomes: how do artisans and artisanal work spaces contribute to the production of the city as a place for living?Answering this question requires staking a position on writing the history carried by maps and city plans, which generally overlook the role of subordinates. This is what led the author to experiment with a lisuel method a cartographic reading allowing identification of the traces artisanal lives leave imprinted in maps' negative space. The experiment uses three maps drawn at key moments in the city's economic history: the noble city (c.1770), the new industrial Brussels (1910), and productive Brussels (2018). The method consists of reading in reverse the story the three maps convey by relying on a hypertextual corpus which makes it possible to adjust our perception of the scene and to spotlight a sample of the artisanal lives embedded in the maps' negative space.This investigation, which makes no claim to being exhaustive, reveals profiles of itinerant craftspeople open to cooperation and interculturality of different kinds and at different scales. It testifies to the complexity of the links between craft, industry, and art, revealing the lives of craftsmen dedicated to the enhancement and transformation of non-relocatable public goods such as territorial knowledge, public space, and the landscapes of movement.We see revealed an art of composing a singular spatiality, articulating the first location of the home, the second location of labour, and the third places of the exercise of public life. Materially, this produces the buildings that accommodate the activities and public spaces which they take part in structuring.The imprint of artisanal lifestyles in the fabrics of the city contributes incrementally to the production of space as well as to a collective process of structuring a singular urban sociability, which the author calls communality. The result of this experimental exercise is a prototype atlas showing the pattern language mobilised by artisans to write, in a vernacular mode, the space of this commonality.

EPFL2021

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Travail artisanal et production de l'espace bruxellois. Prototype d'atlas lisuel

Marine Nicole Anne Antoinette Paul Declève

EPFL2021