KanglyThe Kangly (康曷利; pinyin: Kānghélì; Middle Chinese (ZS): /khɑŋ-ɦɑt̚-liɪH/ or 康里 pinyin: Kānglĭ < MC-ZS: /khɑŋ-lɨX/; Karakhanid: قنكلى Kaγnï or قنكلى Kaŋlï, also spelled Qanglı, Kanly, Kangly, Qangli, Kangli or Kankali) were a Turkic people of Eurasia who were active from the Tang dynasty up to the Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty. They may be related to the Kipchaks or Pechenegs, or they may have been a branch of the Kök Turks who were conquered by the Tang dynasty of China.
Tatar confederationTatar (; Tatar; Middle Mongol: ) was one of the five major tribal confederations (khanlig) in the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. The name "Tatar" was possibly first transliterated in the Book of Song as 大檀 Dàtán (MC: *daH-dan) and 檀檀 Tántán (MC: *dan-dan) which the book's compilers stated to be other names of the Rourans; Book of Song and Book of Liang connected Rourans to the earlier Xiongnu while the Book of Wei traced the Rouran's origins back to the Donghu, who were of Proto-Mongolic origin.
SartSart is a name for the settled inhabitants of Central Asia which has had shifting meanings over the centuries. There are several theories about the origin of the term. It may be derived from the Sanskrit sārthavāha (सार्थवाह), meaning "merchant, trader, caravan leader", a term supposedly used by nomads to describe town-dwellers, according to Vasily Bartold, Gerard Clauson, and most recently Richard Foltz. The earliest known use of the term is in the 1070 Turkic text Kutadgu Bilig "Blessed Knowledge", in which it refers to the settled population of Kashgar.
BasmylThe Basmyls (Basmyl; Basmals, Basmils, Basmïl, , Middle Chinese ZS: *bɣɛt̚-siɪt̚-miɪt̚/mɣiɪt̚/miᴇ; also 弊剌 Bìlà, MC *bjiejH-lat) were a 7th- to 8th-century Turkic nomadic tribe who mostly inhabited the Dzungaria region in the northwest of modern-day China. Originally a forest people, Basmyls eventually grew in importance and played a prominent role in the Turkic politics from the 6th century. At one point Basmyls even overthrew the Second Turkic Khaganate's dynastic clan and briefly held the Khaganate with the help of Karluks and Uyghurs, who later turned against Basmyls.
JetyssouJetyssou (en Kazakh : Жетісу, translittération anglaise : Zhetysu API : ) est le nom historique d'une ancienne région située au sud-est du Kazakhstan. La région est délimitée par le lac Balkhach au nord, les lacs Sasykkol et Alakol au nord-est, les monts Jungar Alatau au sud-est et les monts Tian au sud. Le nom de Jetyssou signifie en français les « Sept-Rivières » en raison des sept cours d'eau qui se jettent dans le lac Balkhach : Ili, Karatal, Aksu, Lepsi, Bien, Baskan et Sarkand.
YuebanYueban () (Middle Chinese: */jiuᴇt̚-pɣan/ < Late Han Chinese: */jyat-pɑn/), colloquially: "Weak Xiongnu", was the name used by Chinese historians for remnants of the Northern Xiongnu in Zhetysu, now part of modern-day Kazakhstan. In Chinese literature they are commonly called Yueban. The Yuebans gained their own visibility after disintegration of the Northern Xiongnu state, because unlike the main body of the Northern Xiongnu, who escaped from the Chinese sphere of knowledge, the Yueban tribes remained closer to China.
Kütchlügthumb|L'Asie à l'époque de Kütchlüg Kütchlüg (ou Kuchlug) est un chef turc chrétien nestorien de Mongolie de la tribu des Naïmans. Gur Khan des Kara-Khitans en 1213, il est vaincu et tué par les Mongols en 1218. Kütchlüg est le fils de Tayang Khan, souverain des Naïmans. En 1204, les Naïmans conduits par Tayang sont vaincus dans l’Altaï par Temüjin. Kütchlüg réussit à s’enfuir avec quelques hommes en direction de l’Irtych, tandis que le reste de l’armée se rend.
SemuSemu (du , également appelés ) est le nom d'une caste établie en Chine, sous la Dynastie Yuan, mongole, au . Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait croire, le terme « Semu » (qui se traduit littéralement par œil coloré) n'implique pas que les membres de la caste avaient les yeux colorés, par opposition aux yeux généralement marron des Mongols des Yuans.
Ordu-BaliqOrdu-Baliq ou Ordubalïgh (terme köktürk signifiant « ville de la cour » ou « ville de l'armée » ; Хар балгас (Khar balgas) ; ), également connue sous les noms de Mubalik ou Karabalsagun, était la capitale du Khaganat turc oriental (581 – 630), puis du premier Khaganat ouïghour (744 – 848), construit sur le site de l'ancienne capitale impériale göktürk, à 27 km au Nord-Nord-Est de la future capitale mongole de Karakoroum. Ses ruines sont connues sous le nom de Khar Balgas en mongol (mongol cyrillique : Хар балгас, signifiant la « ville noire »).
Kangar unionKangar union was a Turkic state in the territory of the entire modern Kazakhstan without Zhetysu. The ethnic name Kangar is an early medieval name for the Kangly people, who are now part of the Kazakh, Uzbek, and Karakalpak nations. The capital of the Kangar union was located in the Ulytau mountains. The Pechenegs, three of whose tribes were known as Kangar (Greek: Καγγαρ), after being defeated by the Oghuzes, Karluks, and Kimek-Kypchaks, attacked the Bulgars and established the Pecheneg state in Eastern Europe (840–990 CE).
